深部采动覆岩破断的力学模型及沉陷致灾分析  

Mechanical Model of Overlying Strata Rupture Caused by Deep Coal Mining and Analysis of Strata Subsidence Disaster

作　　者：刘书贤[1,2] 魏晓刚[1] 王伟[1] 麻凤海[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学土木与交通学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁工程技术大学建筑工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [3]大连大学建筑工程学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2013年第12期71-77,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51174038);中国煤炭工业协会科学研究项目(MTKJ2012-319);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(L2012111);辽宁工程技术大学市场调研基金资助(SCDY2012010;SCDY2012014)

摘　　要：为解决开采扰动下深部覆岩结构采动应力演化致灾的安全问题,建立坚硬厚煤岩层的通用力学分析模型,导出覆岩结构不同破坏形式的基本力学方程及判据,采用理论分析、模拟试验和数值计算结合的方法,通过观测相似材料模拟试验与数值计算中深部采场覆岩的移动变形,研究深部煤炭开采引起的上部覆岩移动变形与应力场变化情况。结果表明:随着采煤工作面的推进,煤矿采动应力的影响范围逐渐增加;在开采方案的后期,煤矿采动应力的影响范围保持平稳状态;深部倾斜煤层开采所形成的应力演化(集中)区域,是分析判断采空区段煤柱是否失稳破坏的参考依据;将煤柱布置在采空区的应力降低区域内,同时加强巷道的护顶护帮措施,便能有效预防矿井次生动力灾害的发生。Aiming at solving the safety problems of mining stress evolution caused by deep coal mining, a general mechanical analysis model was built for hard thick coal strata. Basic mechanical equations and criteria were derived for different rupture patterns of overlying strata. Overlying strata＇s deformation owing to displacement and variations in their stress fields, caused by deep coal mining, were studied through rea- soning theoretically, experimental simulation, and numerical calculation. The results show that influence scope of coal mining stress extends gradually with advancing of coal mining working, that influence of coal mining stress is steady in later stages of mining method, that stress evolution （concentration） areas give a basis for judging whether or not coal pillars, formed in the deep mining of deeply inclined coal seam, will lose stability and collapse, and that in order to prevent dynamic disasters of mine effectively, coal pillars should be arranged in stress reduced areas of mining, and protection measures of roadway should be strengthened.

关 键 词：采动应力 数值计算 开采沉陷 覆岩移动 试验分析 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]