蛴螬危害花生产量损失调查及发生因子分析  

Survey of Peanut Yield Loss Caused by White Grub and Its Effect Factors Analysis

作　　者：江玉萍 鞠倩[2] 姜晓静[2] 赵志强[2] 李晓[2] 吕敬军 姜言生 倪皖莉[5] 陈志德[6] 王国桐 

机构地区：[1]青岛市种子站,山东青岛266000 [2]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [3]临沂市农科院,山东临沂276012 [4]潍坊市农科院,山东潍坊261041 [5]安徽省农科院,安徽合肥230031 [6]江苏省农科院,江苏南京210014 [7]山西省农科院,山西汾阳032200

出　　处：《花生学报》2013年第4期42-46,共5页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-14);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目(BS2010NY022);农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB2C620547);南京农业大学农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(IMCDP201304);青岛市公共领域科技支撑计划(11-2-3-27-nsh)

摘　　要：为摸清不同虫口密度下蛴螬对花生产量造成的危害和减产情况，在山东、江苏、安徽三省六地进行了蛴螬危害花生致使产量损失的田间试验，并进一步分析了耕作方式、施肥、作物布局对蛴螬虫口密度的影响。结果表明，不同种植地区花生田蛴螬虫口密度存在较大差异，在3．50～56．67头／m^2间，因蛴螬造成的产量损失率在1．47％～48．29％；显著性分析结果表明，除蛴螬虫口密度相对较小的山东潍坊寒亭区和安徽合肥肥西县两个试验点外，其他各试验点蛴螬防治区与未防治区的花生产量均有显著性差异。在玉米一小麦一花生轮作区，免耕田蛴螬虫口密度最高，达9．86头／m^2，翻耕田虫口密度其次，为6．96头／m^2，休耕田虫口密度最低，为4．76头／m^2。施肥种类对蛴螬虫口密度有一定的影响，其中施用鸡粪和草木灰田花生蛴螬虫口密度最高，而牛粪、羊粪相对较低。作物布局对蛴螬虫口密度影响较大，其中杨树一花生间作、梨树一花生间作田蛴螬虫口密度分别为29．75头／m^2、28．00头／m^2，显著高于纯花生种植区（16．50头／m^2）。In order to determine the peanut yield loss caused by white grubs and its economic threshold, field experiments were carried out in six test sites of three provinces. Furthermore, differ- ent tillage, fertilization type and crop layout on grub density were studied. The results indicated that pest densities number were 3.50~56.67/m2 and loss rates were 1.47 ~//0~48.29% at the six test sites. It showed that there was an obvious difference in peanut yield between treated and untreated field ex- cept two test sites of Hanting in Weifang and Feixi in Hefei where the grub densities number were below 7.67/m2. In maize--wheat--peanut cropping system, the population density of grub in the tillage --free field was the highest as 9.86/m2, that of grub in the plowed field was the second as 6.96/m2,then that of grub in the fallow field was the lowest as 4.76/m2. Further, we found different kinds of fertilizer had a certain impact on the grub population density, the population density of grub in the field where chicken manure and ash were applied was higher than that of field cattle manure and sheep manure were used. Different intercropping types had great influence on the grub population density, and the grub population density in the poplar--peanut and pear--peanut intercropping field were 29.75/m2 and 28/m2 respectively, which was significantly higher than that of pure peanut area （16.5/m2 ）.

关 键 词：蛴螬 产量损失 耕作方式 施肥种类 作物布局 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S433.83