从统一到分裂:英美两国先合同信息披露义务的比较法考察  

From Unity to Division:On the Duty to Disclose Information of America and England

作　　者：张铣[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《华东理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第5期61-68,共8页Journal of East China University of Science and Technology：Social Science Edition

基　　金：中国法学会部级课题"先合同信息披露法律制度研究:基础理论与制度建构"(CLS(2013)D148);华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2013BS03)

摘　　要：在是否接纳一般性披露义务以对合同当事人缔约中的信息不对称进行私法干预的态度上,英美两国可谓大相径庭。由于美国立法、司法界普遍接受了缔约中的诚信和公平交易理念,传统的买方自慎规则已逐渐被美国所抛弃,一般性披露义务得以确立于其法律体系。而囿于经济自由主义,英国虽曾在判例法上短暂地引入过一般性披露义务,且在现行的成文法上也存在披露义务所需的制度基础,但一般性披露义务却仍被当下的英国法院所断然否定。以历史沿革为进路,梳理披露义务在英美两国的制度变迁过程以及当前的制度样态,应能对我国合同法尽早将披露义务接纳为一般性先合同义务提供合理性证成和制度样板。The attitude of America and England towards whether to adopt the duty to disclose information in order to alleviate information asymmetry between contracting parties by civil law is totally different. Since the notion of good faith and fair dealing is accepted by legislatures and courts, the traditional rule of caveat emptor has been waived gradually and the general duty to disclose information has been established. However, influenced by laissez-faire, although the duty was accepted by case law of England in the past for a short time and legal system nowadays provides the just doctrines to set up the institution of the duty, courts of England still rejects to adopt it. It is helpful to study the historical evolution and the status quo of the duty in these two countries during the process of the duty being adopted by China as a general pre-contract duty.

关 键 词：买方自慎 不实陈述 诚信 公平交易 披露义务 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]