树冠遮挡条件下全站仪测量树高及材积方法  

Measure method of tree height and volume using total station under canopy cover condition

作　　者：赵芳[1] 冯仲科[1] 高祥[1] 郑君[1] 王智超[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学精准林业北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第2期182-190,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863项目(2009AA12Z327;2008AA121305-4);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAH34B01)

摘　　要：树高、材积是森林调查中最重要的测树因子，对森林资源调查和林业科学研究有着重要的意义。为了解决林区遮挡条件下无法精确量测树高进而无法确定单木材积的问题，该研究运用全站仪进行森林样地外业数据采集，对内蒙古赤峰市旺业甸林场的188株落叶松和146株白桦进行量测。对每一株立木分别量测胸径、最高可观测处干径和该处距地面的距离以及这2处之间的中间位置的干径和该处距地面的距离，然后分别利用相似三角形法、简单生长经验方程法和孔兹干曲线方程法估算出树高及材积。试验的最高可观测的位置做了以下4种情况的假设：1／3树高、1／2树高、2／3树高和9／10树高。对这4种情况分别求得树高及材积，最后分别对其进行精度分析，得到随着最高可观测部分的增高以及观测点数的增加，测算出的树高及材积会越来越精准。其中运用生长经验方程，测算树高和材积的精度都能达到70％-80％；运用孔兹干曲线法测算树高和材积的精度都能达到70％90％。该方法可用于林区遮挡条件下单株立木材积的测量，对实际生产有一定的参考意义。The height and volume of trees is one of the most significant factors in a forest survey, it has important significance for the investigation of forest resources and forestry scientific research. In order to solving the problem that we cannot confirm a single tree＇s volume exactly, which is caused by the inability to determine the tree height, when a part of the tree crown was in the shade, this paper utilized a different method for setting-out the tree height using a total station to measure the diameter at breast height （DBH）, the diameter of the maximum observation point and the middle point＇s diameter of those two points, and the corresponding distance to the ground in the field investigation. This test observed 334 trees including 188 larch （Larix gmelinii） trees and 146 white birch （Betula platyphylla Suk）, using a similar triangle method, single tree growth empirical equation method and Kunze, M. stem curve method to estimate the tree height and volume of every standing trees by constructing mathematical model. At the same time, there were four hypotheses of the highest observation points in the test, those four stations respectively being in 1/3H, 1/2H, 2/3H, and 9/10H. The three different methods above was used to calculate the tree height and its volume in this four different maximum observation station, and analyzing the precision of every situation. Respectively, the method of similar triangles, simple growth experience equation method and Kunze, M. stem curve method were used to build mathematical model, and through the model combined with tree growth and stem form theory to estimate the tree height and volume. This method only needs to measure a few stem diameter value and the corresponding height, combined with the tree growth equation and stem curve equation can estimate the height. Compared to the conventional method, the tree height precision using the new method was greatly improved. And using remote sensing technology of image reconstructed images of three-dimensional model for

关 键 词：林业 测量 计算 全站仪 材积 树高 

分 类 号：S758.1[农业科学—森林经理学]