中国近30a耕地变化时空特征及其主要原因分析  

Analysis of Chinese cultivated land′s spatial-temporal changes and causes in recent 30 years

作　　者：赵晓丽[1] 张增祥[1] 汪潇[1] 左丽君[1] 刘斌 易玲[1] 徐进勇[1] 温庆可[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第3期1-11,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2010CB95090102);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC03B01)资助

摘　　要：随着中国经济的快速发展和人口的不断增加,在各项建设占用大量耕地和生态退耕与环境保护措施的双重影响下,中国的耕地面积在持续减少。对中国耕地随时间变化规律的认识以及其空间分布变化趋势的把握已成为重要的研究内容,这对于研究区域粮食安全和区域可持续发展也有重要的指导意义。该文在中国长时间序列土地利用动态时空数据库的支持下,对中国1987年到2010年的耕地变化过程进行了全面分析,揭示了中国近30 a来耕地变化的时空特征,分析了其变化的主要原因。研究表明,自1987年以来,中国原有耕地不断减少,北方地区为主的新垦耕地持续增加。以2000年为转折点,1987年到2000年耕地总面积略有增加,2000年到2010年耕地总面积逐步减少,近30 a间,耕地总量相对稳定。比较而言,2000年以前的耕地增加速度明显高于2000年以后的耕地减少速度。到2010年全国耕地总面积呈南减北增、减少速率最快的区域集中于长江三角洲、珠江三角洲地区,而增加速率最快的区域集中在新疆、黑龙江以及内蒙古部分地区。建设用地对耕地的占用持续强烈并有加强趋势,生态建设占用耕地是生态脆弱地区耕地面积减少的主要原因,对耕地的占用比例仅次于建设用地。对草地、林地的开垦是全国新增耕地的主要来源,对未利用土地的占用有增强趋势,近年来,包括盐碱地;沼泽地,甚至是沙地、戈壁等未利用土地被改造成耕地,同时也会带来区域水资源和环境等方面的一系列问题,尤应慎重。With the rapid development of the economy and population since the adoption of an open and reform policy, cultivated land is continually reduced in China under the multiple impact of occupation for construction and the implementation of an ecological restoration and environmental protection project. Understanding the temporal variation of cultivated land and grasping the spatial distribution trends have become an important research topic. This has an important guiding significance for the study of food security and sustainable development. With the support of a long temporal land use dynamic database, this paper analyzed the change process of cultivated land from the end of 1987 to 2010 in China, revealed the spatial-temporal characteristics of cultivated land changes, and analyzed the main causes in the last 30 years. The national dynamic database has was 6 sets of land use data （1987, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008 and 2010） and 5 sets of dynamic data （1987-2000, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2008, and 2008-2010）. Remote sensing images with 20-30m spatial resolution （TM/ETM＋, CBERS and HJ-1A）, visual interpretation, field surveys, and much auxiliary information were applied during construction of the database. We extracted the cultivated land information from the land use database, and analyzed the spatial-temporal change of cultivated land after data statistics and dynamic transfer matrix calculation. The results show that： In the most recent 30 years, the total area amount of Chinese cultivated land was relatively stable. The original cultivated land kept reducing since the end of the 1980s in the whole nation. On the other hand, the newly reclaimed land distributed mainly in northern China kept increasing. The new reclaimed land partly offset the original cultivated land loss, so that the center of new reclaimed land gravity was gradually moving from northeast to northwest. The moving of new reclaimed land gravity caused the productivity of new reclaimed land to be reduced. The year of 2000 was the turn

关 键 词：遥感 土地利用 地理信息系统 耕地变化 时空特征 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]