陕北丘陵沟壑区坡地不同耕作法综合效益研究  

Comprehensive Efficiency Research on Different Cultivations of Slope Land in Loess Hilly and Gully Region

作　　者：苏敏[1] 卢宗凡[1] 刘文兆[1] 徐宣斌[1] 刘延风[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [2]西北农林科技大学职业技术学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2000年第5期19-24,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："八五";"九五"国家科技攻关课题!"黄土高原综合治理项目";中国科学院"九五"重大项目! (KZ95 -A1-30 1)

摘　　要：以在陕北丘陵沟壑区坡耕地不同耕作法试验 7a的资料为依据 ,论述了不同耕作法的水分利用、土壤水分平衡及单位面积产量和水土保持等综合效益。作物生长主要依赖生育期内自然降雨 ;作物耗水量与每年生育期降雨量及土壤供水量呈显著正相关 ,不同耕作法之间变化不大 ,作物主要利用 0— 12 0 cm土层内的水分。同一年内不同耕作法的综合效益从优到劣、由高到低的排列顺序为宽梯田 >窄梯田 >水平沟 >平播 >水平阶 >隔坡梯田。而水土保持效益排列顺序为 :梯田 >水平沟 >隔坡梯田 >水平阶 >平播 >裸地。认为坡耕地确实应尽快退耕还林还草 ,以加速陕北生态环境建设 ,推进农业结构的战略性调整。WT5,5”BZ]According to detailed data that are gained by 7-year tests of the different cultivation of the slope land in the loess hilly and gully region of the north of Shaanxi province, water use of the different cultivation, water balance, outputs and comprehensive efficiency of soil and water conservation are discussed. The conclusion is that crop growth is mainly dependent on natural rainfall during the growth period; water consuming content of crop is significantly relative to the rainfall during the growth period per year and water supply content of soil, and crop makes mainly use of soil moisture of 0—120 cm layer. The comprehensive efficiency sequence of the different farmings at the same year is broad terrace>narrow terrace>level trench>traditional tillage>level bench>alternation of slope and terrace, while the soil and water conservation efficiency sequence is terrace>level trench>alternation of slope and terrace>level bench>traditional tillage >bare land. Finally we think that quit cultivating and restoring and rebuilding forest and grass should be quickly put into practice in order to accelerate the eco environmental construction, and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure should be advanced.

关 键 词：丘陵沟壑区 耕作法 综合效益 还林还草 坡耕地 

分 类 号：S343.9[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S344[农业科学—农艺学]