中国水生生态系统中多环芳烃的生态毒性与生态风险研究进展  

Research progress in ecotoxicity and eco-risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China's aquatic ecosystems

作　　者：秦宁[1] 何伟[1] 孔祥臻[1] 徐福留[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2013年第12期1209-1218,共10页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20100001110035);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41030529;407250004)

摘　　要：多环芳烃是我国环境中的主要污染物之一,对生态系统和人体健康具有严重危害。对中国水生生态系统中多环芳烃的生态毒性与生态风险研究进展进行了综述。从基因、细胞、个体、种群和群落等不同层次概括了多环芳烃的水生态毒性研究进展,介绍了水生生态系统多环芳烃生态风险的主要评价方法,综述了这些评价方法在中国的应用情况,分析了中国水生生态系统中多环芳烃的生态毒性与生态风险研究的存在问题与发展方向。多环芳烃的水生态毒性研究主要集中在水生生物种群与群落水平,基因与细胞水平的研究较少,而生态系统水平的研究基本为空白。在多环芳烃的水生生态风险方面,主要利用国外提出的一些评价方法,缺少自主创新的评价方法,探讨系统水平生态风险评价方法是中国研究人员可能的突破方向。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, posing serious harm to ecosystem and human health, are one of the main pollutants in China^s environment. In this paper, the ecotoxicity and ecological risks of PAHs in China^s aquatic ecosystems are reviewed. The research progress in PAHs ecotoxicity covering different levels from genes, cells, individuals to populations and communities, are summarized. The major methods for ecological risk assessment of PAHs in aquatic ecosystems are introduced, and their applications in China are reviewed. The problems and further development for studies on the ecotoxicity and ecological risks of PAHs in China^s aquatic ecosystems are analyzed. Studies on PAHs ecotoxicity focus mainly on aquatic species at the community level, but less emphasize on the gene and cell levels, and scarce at the ecosystem level. In the respect of aquatic eco- logical risk assessment of PAHs, the methods used are proposed mostly by foreign researchers, whereas few independent innova- tions are developed by Chinese counterparts. Therefore, the approach to system-level ecological risk assessment might be a break- through direction.

关 键 词：水生态系统 多环芳烃 生态毒性 生态风险 中国 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X824