投饲频率对俄罗斯鲟幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和氨氮排泄的影响  

Effects of feeding frequency on growth,digestive enzymes activities and ammonia excretion of juvenile Russian sturgeon, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii

作　　者：崔超[1] 禹娜[1] 龙丽娜[2] 曹阳[1] 黎明[3] 李二超[1] 陈立侨[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200241 [2]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092 [3]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2014年第1期35-43,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD25B03);国家基础研究"973"计划项目(2009CB118702);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201003020;201203065);国家自然科学基金项目(31172422);上海市教委水产E研究院(E03009)部分资助

摘　　要：在室内水族箱条件下,以俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)幼鱼(4.42±0.06 g)为对象,探讨了投饲频率对幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和氨氮排泄的影响。实验采用等量投饲法,共设置4个投饲频率(2次·d-1、3次·d-1、4次·d-1和6次·d-1,分别记为F2、F3、F4和F6组),投饲实验为期42 d。结果表明,随着投饲频率增加,实验鱼的增重率升高,饵料系数下降。其中,F6组增重率最高,为461.33%,但与F3组(409.67%)和F4组(443.33%)之间的差异不显著;相应地,F3、F4与F6组实验鱼的饵料系数显著低于F2组(P<0.05),而F3、F4与F6组之间的饵料系数无显著性差异。F2组和F6组肥满度较低,且显著低于F3组和F4组(P<0.05);此外,实验鱼脏体比和肝体比随着投饲频率的增加而略有下降,但各组之间的差异均不显著(P>0.05);肝脏淀粉酶活性和脂肪酶活性随投饲频率的增加而升高,胰蛋白酶活性的差异则不显著;提高投饲频率还可降低鱼的氨氮排泄率,其中F6组的耗氧率也显著低于其它组。结果显示,适当增加投饲频率可提高俄罗斯鲟的消化酶活力,降低蛋白被用于能量代谢的比例,从而提高了幼鱼的生长速度和饲料利用率。结合本实验的结果和生产实际情况,建议人工养殖鲟鱼幼鱼的投饲频率大于等于4次·d-1为宜。Feeding quality and feeding strategies can directly affect the survival, growth, feed utilization efficiency and environment of farmed fish. The factors affecting feeding rate and feeding frequency of farmed fish are fish species, body sizes and types of feed. Therefore, determining the appropriate feed, feeding rates and feeding method can improve fish farming production and feed utilization efficiency, reduce the pollution on aquaculture environment. Russian sturgeon （Acipenser gueldenstaedtii） grows fast and has high - quality eggs, but there is no optimum feeding frequency reported in details. Therefore, this study determined the effects of feeding frequency on the growth of juvenile Russian sturgeon, digestive enzymes and ammonia excretion rate, in order to provide guidance of production. Juvenile Russian sturgeon were obtained from a farm in Quzhou, Zhejiang, in July 2012, and acclimated to the experimental conditions for 14 day after being soaked in the povidone - iodine （ 10 ppm） for 5 min prior to the feeding experiments. During the experiment, a commercial diet was used to feed the fish. Experimental fishes were grouped as follows ： F2 group ： feeding two times per day （ 7 ： 00 and 16 ： 00） ; F3 group ： three times per day （7：00, 11：30 and 16：00） ; F4 group：four times per day （7：00, 11：30, 16：00 and 22：00） ; F6 group：six times per day （7：00, 10：00, 13：00, 16：00 19：00 and 22：00）. The total amount of each group was kept as the same as the feeding level of F2 which was fed to satiation. 600 healthy Russian sturgeon juveniles （4.42 ＋ 0.06） g were randomly selected and placed in 12 enamel tanks （140 ~ 60 ~ 60 cm）. And then they were randomly divided into four groups, each group contained three repeats of 50 fish. The survival rate was counted after experiments. The fishes were anesthetized at a concentration of 120 mg ~ L-1 of tricaine methanesulfonate （MS - 222） after a starvation of 24 h, and weighed. Three fishes from each tank

关 键 词：俄罗斯鲟 投饲频率 增重率 饵料系数 体成分 消化酶活力 氨氮排泄率 

分 类 号：S965.215[农业科学—水产养殖]