中国的技术进步方向与技术选择——基于要素替代弹性分析的经验研究  

Directed Technical Change and Technology Selection in China——Empirical Study Based on the Analysis of Factor Substitution Elasticity

作　　者：张月玲[1] 叶阿忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]福州大学管理学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2014年第1期92-102,共11页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:71171057);教育部人文社科基金项目(项目编号:10YJA790227)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文从要素替代弹性视角实证分析1996-2010年间我国技术进步方向的变迁与要素价格扭曲引起的技术选择偏差。结果发现：（1）中国的技术进步表现出资本技能双重偏向性特征，资本偏向性程度的加深不仅加大了对技能劳动的替代，更加剧了在分配上对劳动的掠夺性；（2）技能和非技能劳动投入存在适度匹配。资本深化并不排斥非技能劳动，但随着非技能劳动投入持续负增长，技能和非技能劳动匹配失当，技术无效率持续陷生产于不经济区域内；（3）资本对技能和非技能劳动都富有替代弹性，尤其是资本对技能劳动替代严重，这是要素价格扭曲下的技术选择偏差和产业结构调整滞后导致的就业结构失衡的根本原因。Based on the analysis of elasticity of substitution between factors,this paper makes an empirical study on the directed technical change and technology selection bias caused by the distorted factor price during the period of 1996 ~ 2010 in China. Results: first,the Chinese technology progress shows capital-and skilled-using double biased nature. Capital-biased deepening increases substitution of capital for skilled labor,and deteriorates labor income; second,skilled-and non-skilled labor exists moderate input matching. Capital deepening does not exclude non-skilled labor,but with the non-skilled labor sustained negative input growth,the bad matching leads to technical inefficiency continuously; third,there is a rich elasticity of substitution of capital for skilled and non-skilled labor,especially more for skilled labor,which results in distorted factor prices and technology selection bias and imbalance of the employment structure.

关 键 词：偏向性技术进步 超越对数生产函数 要素边际生产率 要素替代弹性 技术选择 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济]