长春市18～79岁居民高血压患病状况及影响因素城乡对比分析  

Comparison of the prevalence of hypertension and its influencing factors among residents aged from 18 to 79 between urban and rural areas of Changchun City

作　　者：张晴晴[1] 徐子淇[1] 孙俞莉 吴燕华[1] 艾立哲[1] 王崇[1] 周婕[1] 于澄[1] 付颖利[1] 金丽娜[1] 寇长贵[1] 于雅琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,吉林长春130021 [2]长春市疾病预防控制中心慢性病防制科,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2014年第1期5-9,共5页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：吉林省卫生厅科研基金(2011Z116)

摘　　要：目的 了解长春市城镇和农村18～79岁居民高血压的不同患病特点和影响因素,为城乡制定有针对性的防制策略提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,对抽取的5 662名居民采用集中和入户相结合的方式进行面对面调查和体格检查;数据分析采用复杂加权的方法进行统计处理.结果 经复杂加权分析,长春市高血压患病率为28.8％;城镇居民患病率27.5％,农村居民患病率30.4％,城乡之间差异有统计学意义（x2=5.98,P=0.021）;城乡高血压患病率均随年龄增长而升高（城镇x2趋势=399.94,乡村x2趋势=242.89;均有P＜0.001）;城乡居民男性患病率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义（均有P＜0.001）;多因素Logistic回归结果显示,城乡居民高血压的共同危险因素包括年龄、循环系统疾病家族史以及超重和肥胖;女性、有时食用奶类及奶制品是城镇居民患高血压的保护因素;不饮酒、低文化程度、经常食用新鲜水果、蛋类/豆制品是农村居民患高血压的保护因素.结论 长春市成年居民农村高血压患病率高于城镇,城乡之间高血压的影响因素不尽相同,应结合城乡不同的患病特点和危险因素开展有针对性的防制措施,重点关注农村高血压的防制工作,降低长春市高血压的整体患病率.Objective To examine the different disease characteristics of hypertension and its influencing factors among the residents aged from 18 to 79 between urban and rural areas of Changchun City, and to provide evidences for making targeted prevention and control strategies in urban and rural areas. Methods By the multi-stage and stratified ran- dom cluster sampling method, 5 662 residents were selected to carry out physical examinations and investigations both in household and in centralized style. Complex weighted computation was used to analyze the statistics. Results After being weighted, the total prevalence rate of hypertension in Changchun City was 28.8%. Besides, the prevalence rates of hyper- tension in urban and rural areas were 27.5% and 30. 4% respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the prevalence rates in urban areas and that in rural areas （ ;（2 = 5.98, P = 0. 021 ）. Both in urban and rural areas, the prevalence rate of hypertension increased with age （urban 2 2 ;（,ro.d = 399. 94, rural areas ;（nd = 242. 89 ; both P 〈 0. 001 ）. The prevalence rate in male was higher than that in female （ P 〈 O. 001 ）. Besides, the multivariate Logisitie regression showed that age, the family history of circulation system disease, and overweight and obesity were common risk factors of hypertension among residents both in urban and rural areas; the protective factors for residents in rural areas were female and sometimes eating mild and dairy products; the protective factors for residents in urban areas were no drinking, lower education, and often eating fresh fruit, eggs and bean produets. Conclusions The prevalenee rate of hypertension among residents in rural areas of Changehun city is higher than that in urban areas, and influencing factors between urban and ru- ral areas are also different. Targeted prevention and control measures should be developed according to the different disease eharacteristies and eorrelates between urban and rural areas. More emphases should

关 键 词：高血压 患病率 危险因素 流行病学 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R181.1[医药卫生—内科学]