国际贸易的环境技术效应——基于技术溢出视角的研究  

Technology Effect of International Trade: Based on the Perspective of Technology Spillover

作　　者：徐圆[1] 陈亚丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学江苏产业发展研究院,江苏南京210003 [2]河海大学商学院,江苏南京210001

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第1期148-156,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"低碳经济与我国参与国际分工战略的调整研究"(编号:10BJL033);国家社会科学基金青年项目"我国碳生产率的估算;预测与任务分解"(编号:12CJY008);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目;江苏现代服务业研究院资助项目

摘　　要：在事实现象的启示下,本文从技术溢出的视角研究了国际贸易的环境技术效应。基于"生产-污染"一般均衡理论模型,假设当通过国际贸易购买国际先进环保技术以达到国内减排标准时,导致的技术溢出与扩散会对进口国环境规制和污染减排起到正向作用。在实证部分利用环境技术专利数据构建国际和国内环保技术知识存量对中国经验进行检验。结果证实了国际前沿环保技术存在对中国的溢出与转移,并且帮助了工业废水和CO2的减排,而国际贸易正是这一过程的有效路径,这体现出国际贸易环境技术效应的实现途径,同时国内的相关技术存量促进了对溢出技术的吸收与利用。研究还发现人均收入的提高和政府对社会福利的重视同样对中国节能减排和环境规制起到了积极作用。因此,建议政府在开放对外贸易时采取"市场换环保技术"战略,同时支持环保专利国际共享,并改革官员考核指标,进一步转变增长方式,加大对环境等发展问题的重视。Under the inspiration of real phenomenon, this paper studies the technology effect of international trade from the perspectives of technology spillover. Based on the general equilibrium model of ＇ production-pollution＇ , it is assumed that producers purchase international advanced environmental protection technology by international trade to meet emission reduction standards, and the results of technology spillover and diffusion have a positive effect on environmental regulation and pollution of importing countries. In the empirical part, environmental-related technology patent data are applied to build international and domestic environmental protection technology knowledge stocks to test the Chinese empirical data. The results indicate that international frontier environmental friendly technology spillover and diffuse into China which helps Chinese industry waste water and CO2 emission abatement and international trade and is an effective way of this process, which reflects the one of paths of environmental technology effect of international trade. Meanwhile, domestic related technology knowledge stocks are beneficial to absorb and use these overflow technology. This study also finds that the growth of per capita income and the government＇s emphasis on social welfare play positive roles on the energy conservation, pollution abatement and the strict environmental regulation. Therefore, it is recommended that government can use ＇ market for environmental technology＇ strategy during the opening-up process of international trade, support the international environmental patent sharing and reform officials assessment indicators to change the way of growth which may promote the local government to pay attention to the environmental problems.

关 键 词：环境技术效应 技术溢出 环境技术知识存量 

分 类 号：F74[经济管理—国际贸易]