黑河市森林火灾碳排放的计量估算研究  

Estimates of carbon emissions in Heihe city due to forest fires

作　　者：魏书精[1,2] 罗碧珍[2] 魏书威[3] 文正敏[1] 孙龙[2] 胡海清[2] 

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学,广西矿冶与环境科学实验中心,广西桂林541004 [2]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第1期70-76,共7页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51208244;31070544);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB403203);黑龙江省科技攻关重点项目(GA09B201-06);国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201004003-3)

摘　　要：根据黑河市森林调查的实测数据和1971—2011年间森林火灾的统计资料,采用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,通过大量野外火烧迹地的调查,结合实验室的控制实验,确定森林火灾碳排放的各计量参数,并利用排放因子的方法,估算了黑河市41年间森林火灾碳排放量和含碳气体排放量。结果表明:41年间黑河市森林火灾碳排放量为4.00×107t,年均排放量为9.76×105t,约占全国年均森林火灾碳排放量的8.63%;含碳气体CO2、CO、CH4和非甲烷烃(NMHC)的排放量分别为1.24×108、6.51×106、4.30×105和3.47×105t,年均排放量分别为3.01×106、1.59×105、1.05×104和8.46×103t,分别占全国年均森林火灾各含碳气体排放量的7.42%、5.86%、9.37%和7.49%。研究发现针阔混交林型的森林火灾面积占总过火林地面积的42.73%,由于该林型燃烧效率较低,其森林火灾中的碳排放量仅占排放总量的29.61%,且CO2的排放因子较低,其CO2排放量仅占CO2总排放量的30.11%。同时研究表明,黑河市年均碳排放对该市的碳循环与碳平衡产生重要影响,针对研究结果提出了合理的林火管理路径。We estimated the emission of carbon and carbonaceous gases including carbon dioxide （ CO2） , carbon mon- oxide （CO）, methane （CH4）, and nonmethane hydrocarbons （NMHC） from forest fires from 1971 to 2011 in Heihe city of Heilongjiang province, China. We used a geographic information system （GIS）-based modeling approach to esti- male emissions through a two-step procedure. In step one, we calculated total carbon released from forest fires in Heihe for selected years between 1971 and 2011 by merging and analyzing several measurement parameters. In step two, we calculated amounts of four carbonaceous gases released during the bum, C02, CO, CH4, and NMHC, using several dif- ferent experimentally derived emission factors. The origin of each of the inputs used in our models was based on a combi- nation of analysis of forest fire inventory, forest resources inventory, field research, and laboratory experiments. Direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in Heihe during 1971 to 2011 was about 4.00x 107 t, and mean annual carbon e- missions was about 9. 76x10s t per year, accounting for 8.63% of the direct total carbon emissions from forest fires in China. Amount of carbon emission resulted from the atmospheric emissions of four trace gases was as follows：the emis- sions of C02, CO, CH4 and NMHC from forest fires were 1.24×l0s ,6.51 ×106 ,4. 30× 105, and 3.47× 105 t, respective- ly, and mean annual emissions of CO：, CO, CH4, and NMHC from forest fires were 3.01× 106, 1.59× 105, 1.05×104, and 8.46x 103, respectively, accounting for 7.42%, 5.86%, 9.37% and 7.49% of amounts of four carbonaceous gases released from forest fires in China, respectively. We promoted the corresponding forest fire management strategy. At the same time, the studies showed that the area mean annual carbon emissions had an important impact on the re- gional carbon balance. We suggested that the management strategy of forest fire should strengthen the sustainable man-agement of forest fuel.

关 键 词：森林火灾 碳排放 燃烧效率 林火管理策略 黑河市 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] S762.1