松嫩草原不同演替阶段大型土壤动物功能类群特征  

Soil macro-faunal guild characteristics at different successional stages in the Songnen grassland of China

作　　者：李晓强[1] 殷秀琴[1,2] 孙立娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学地理科学学院,长春130024 [2]吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,长春130024

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第2期442-450,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40871120;41171207)

摘　　要：大型土壤动物处于整个土壤食物网的最顶端,其各功能类群控制着其他动物所需资源的有效性,是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分。为了查明松嫩草原大型土壤动物的功能类群特征,在2006年5—10月期间,逐月对松嫩草原羊草、羊草+虎尾草、虎尾草、碱茅、碱蓬和光碱斑6个演替阶段大型土壤动物的功能类群组成、结构、多样性等特征进行研究。依据其食性将该区土壤动物划分为杂食性、植食性、捕食性和腐食性4个功能类群其中,杂食性土壤动物个体密度所占比例最多为39.16%,植食性土壤动物的类群数所占比例最多为50.00%,腐食性土壤动物个体密度和类群数所占比例均最小,分别为8.09%和12.82%。各功能类群土壤动物个体密度和类群数的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。从水平结构来看,总体上各功能类群土壤动物在羊草群落和羊草+虎尾草群落个体密度和类群数较多,在无植被的光碱斑生境土壤动物的个体密度和类群数较少,植食性土壤动物的个体密度和类群数、杂食性土壤动物个体密度、腐食性土壤动物个体密度和类群数随着群落演替发生显著的变化(P<0.01)。植食性和腐食性土壤动物个体密度和类群数相关性显著(P<0.05)。垂直结构上,0—10 cm土层和20—30 cm土层除捕食性土壤动物个体密度以外,其它各功能类群土壤动物个体密度随着群落演替发生显著的变化(P<0.05或P<0.01);10—20 cm土层,除腐食性土壤动物个体密度以外,其它各功能类群土壤动物个体密度随着群落演替发生显著的变化(P<0.05或P<0.01)。0—10cm土层,植食性和杂食性土壤动物个体密度(P<0.05)相关性显著;10—20 cm土层,植食性和腐食性土壤动物个体密度(P<0.05)相关性显著。不同演替阶段对各功能类群土壤动物的多样性影响程度有所不同。4种功能类群土壤动物在羊草群落和光碱斑之间相似性指数较低,个体数量组成在Soil macro-fauna play an important role in soil ecosystems. They are at the top of the entire food web and regulate the availability of resources for other animals by changing biotic or abiotie materlals. Knowledge of soil macro-faunal guild characteristics is crucial to understanding soil food webs. On the Songnen grassland, located on the northeastern grassland area of China, above ground succession of vegetation can markedly change with soil fauna. The effect of this degradation on the structure and diversity of the below ground soil faunal guild is unknown. In the present study, an investigation of the composition, structure and diversity of the soil macro-faunal guild was conducted in the Songnen grassland with six successional stages （Leymus chinensis community; Leymus chinensis＋Chloris virgata community, Chloris virgata community,Puccinellia distans community, Suaeda glauca community and Bare alkali-saline patch）. Six observations were conducted from May to October 2005 and four samples in a 50 cm ~ 50 cm area were investigated in six successional stages each time. Hand collection methods were used to collect soil macro-fauna with soil macro-faunal guilds subdivided based on their feeding habits. The results showed that macro-fauna were divided into four guilds based on their feeding habits, i.e., omnivore, herbivore, predator and detritivore. Omnivore and herbivore were the predominant guilds, accounting for 39.16% and 50.00% in term of the total individual and group numbers, respectively. Detritivore occurrence was rare. The correlations between individual and group numbers were not significant （P 〉 0.05 ）. In general, the Leymus chinensis community and Leymus chinensis＋Chloris virgata communities had the largest number of individual and group number among the four guilds, whereas the bare alkali-saline patch was rare. Significant successional stage effects were recorded in individual and group numbers of herbivore, individual numbers of omnivore and individual and group numbers of detritiv

关 键 词：大型土壤动物 功能类群 演替 松嫩草原 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]