北京交通网络拓扑结构及可达性格局历史变化研究  

The Change Analysis of Topology Structure and Accessibility Pattern of Beijing Road Network in Historical Period

作　　者：王少华[1,2] 钟耳顺[1] 张小虎[1,2] 郑怀海[1,2] 张珣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《测绘与空间地理信息》2014年第1期9-12,共4页Geomatics & Spatial Information Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAH06B03)资助

摘　　要：基于过去800年（1160～2000年）北京城市交通网络时间序列数据，研究了北京交通网络的发展变化。主要从交通网络的拓扑结构、可达性等角度分别对网络直径、平均最短路径长度、平均聚集指数、相对可达性等指标进行了定性定量分析。研究结果表明：第一，北京交通网络扩张呈“两段式”特点：前数百年只加密路网，近53年网络直径扩张了2．62倍；第二，从网络拓扑结构的角度分析，北京过去800年交通网络度分布结构呈现良好的一致性，交通网络中顶点与路段的比例保持不变，网络内部联系日趋紧密；第三，北京交通网络可达性格局趋于有序：从金元时期的不规则格局发展为明清时期的椭圆形格局，建国后呈圆盘形格局扩张，但可达性中心由天安门向西北方向偏移至阜成门处。通过搜集研究北京过去800年的交通网络数据，本文记录了北京交通网络演化的全过程，并揭示了其演化过程中蕴含的宏观规律。Based on road network time series datasets of Beijing （1160 -2000 AD）, this paper studies the development pattern of road network. From the perspectives of network size, topology structure and accessibility pattern, the study chooses several measure- ments, including network diameter, average length of shortest paths, average degree, average clustering coefficient, relative accessi- bility index, and has carried out both quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the study mainly lead to three conclusions. First, from the perspectives of network size, the road network development process of Beijing in past 800 years can be devised into two stages： the road network diameter keep stable in several hundred years, and suddenly expend 2.62 times in just 53 years. Second, from the perspectives of topology structure, the average degrees and degree distribution of the road networks show a high degree of con- sistency in past 800 years. The ratio between nodes and arcs of road networks remains constant. The connections between arcs in the road network are getting closer. At last, the accessibility pattern of Beijing＇ s road network is becoming more and more orderly. In Jin and Yuan dynasty, the accessibility pattern was irregular. Then in Ming and Qing dynasty, it changed into oval shape. After 1947, it＇s a round pattern. However, the accessibility center has moved to the northeast from Tiananmen Square to the Fuchengmen Gate. According to collect and study the road network time series dataset （1160 -2000 AD） of Beijing, this paper has recorded the evolu- tion process of Beijing road network in detail, and has revealed its macro - laws among the evolution process.

关 键 词：交通网络 时间序列 网络拓扑结构 相对可达性 可达性中心 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]