大花百子莲的开花物候与生殖特性  

Flowering Phonology and Reproductive Features of Agapanthus praecox ssp.orientalis 'Big Blue'

作　　者：孙颖[1] 王阿香 刘颖竹 卓丽环[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]上海农林职业技术学院,上海201600

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2013年第12期2423-2431,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(DL13BA08);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目沪农科攻字(2010-6-2)

摘　　要：连续2年对引种植物大花百子莲在中国上海市人工种群的开花物候、结实情况进行观测记录，从不同水平分析了大花百子莲的开花物候对其生殖的影响。结果显示：（1）大花百子莲在引种地的开花时间为6月初至7月末；种群花期历时40d左右，单株花期在14～31d波动，单花寿命主要为2～3d；2年的开花振幅平均在6朵·株^-1·d^-1左右，花朵开放百分率值在3．69％～4．87％左右，平均开花式样为11～17朵。（2）大花百子莲种群内2007年比2008年的各项开花物候指标均提前6～9d；种群开花进程为渐进式的双峰曲线；种群花期重叠时间较长，2年的平均开花同步指数分别为0．663、0．695；植株个体相对开花强度主要分布频度为50％～70％。（3）开花物候指数与座果率的相关分析表明，始花时间与开花数目、座果数、花期长度呈显著负相关关系，开花数目与座果数、花期长度以及花期长度与座果数均呈显著正相关关系，同一花序内单花所发育成果实的数量与单花开放时间呈极显著负相关关系。研究表明，大花百子莲始花时间早的植株比始花时间晚的植株花期更长，开花数目多的植株比开花数目少的植株花期更长，花期长的植株比花期短的植株座果率更高；而且在同一花序上，越早开放的单花其结实的可能性越大。作为引种植物，大花百子莲开花物候年度间具有相似性，说明其在引种地可以适应环境压力，形成稳定的开花时间与开花模式；较长的花期重叠和大量的开花数目可以吸引较多的传粉者访问，为其生殖成功奠定了良好基础。We had a two-year investigation on flowering phonology, reproductive features and fruit set of Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis ‘Big Blue＇ in Shanghai,China. We analyzed the influence of flowering phonology to reproduction from different levels. The results showed that. （1）The flowering span of population was early June to late July in Shanghai. Population duration was about 40 d and individual duration was about 14-31 d. Individual flower longevity was 2~3 d. Average flowering amplitude of two years was 6 flower .plant^-1. d^-1. Flowering percentage was 3.69%-4.87%. Average floral display was 11-17. （2）The census date of flowering phonology was late 6-9 d from 2007-2008. The curve of open flowers proportion showed two major peaks. The synchrony indices of two years were 0. 663 and 0. 695,it showed that the time of florescence overlap was long. The relative flowering intensity showed one major peak from 50-70%. （3）The correlation analysis among onset,duration,flowers and fruit set showed marked relations. There were significantly negative correlations between onset and flowers, fruit set and duration. On the other hand, there were significantly positive correlations between flowers and fruit set, duration. The individual with an early starting date shows a longer duration than the individual with a later starting date. The individual with more flowers showed a longer duration than the individual with Iess flowers. The individual with a longer duration showed a higher fruit set than the individual with a shorter duration. At the same time, there were significantly negative correlations between the numbers of fruit from individual flower in the same inflorescence and individual flower blooming time. It showed that the sooner the individual flower open the more the fruit set. As a exotic plant, the similarity of flowering phonology within two years suggested that Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis ‘ Big Blue＇ could adapt to the environmental pressure and exhibited a steady flowering onset date

关 键 词：大花百子莲 开花物候 开花同步性 相对开花强度 座果率 引种 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学]