页岩油储层基本特征及评价要素  

Characteristics and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir

作　　者：姜在兴[1] 张文昭[1] 梁超[1] 王永诗[2] 刘惠民[2] 陈祥[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学能源学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司地质科学研究院,山东东营257015 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司河南油田分公司,河南南阳473132

出　　处：《石油学报》2014年第1期184-196,共13页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05009-002)资助

摘　　要：页岩油是指以游离、溶解或吸附状态赋存于有效烃源岩泥页岩中的液态烃类，是泥页岩生排烃后的残余滞留聚集，基本未经历运移或仅在源岩内短距离初次运移。目前，国内外对“页岩油”概念的界定不统一，对储层控制因素及评价要素的研究仍相对薄弱。明确了页岩油储层为泥页岩，不包括烃源岩内的其他岩类夹层及邻层，并依据储集机理差异将页岩油储层分为裂缝型和基质型。富含有机质、以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ。型干酪根为主、Ro值介于0．6％～1．2％、有机碳（TOC）值大于2．0％，矿物组成复杂、发育纹层结构，储集空间细小，低孔特低渗、储层需要改造是页岩油储层的基本特点。重点揭示了有机质在页岩油储层形成及评价中的重要作用，有机质含量影响页岩的生油潜力、储集能力并进而决定了页岩储层的含油量及产能，提出一套以有机碳含量为核心的储层分级评价标准，以TOC为2％、4％为界，同时综合考虑有机质类型及成熟度、富有机质页岩厚度、矿物组成及岩石类型、孔渗特征及岩石可压裂性等指标，将页岩油储层分为3级：Ⅰ类目标储层、Ⅱ类有利储层及Ⅲ类无效储层。Shale oil are residual liquid hydrocarbons retained and accumulated in effective source rocks in a free, dissolved, or adsorbed state post generation and expulsion, which have not undergone migration or only migrated in source rocks for a short distance. Pres- ently, there is no consensus on the definition of shale oil and research is lacking on the controlling factors and evaluation elements of shale oil reservoir. This study clarifies that shale oil reservoir mainly consists of shale and mudstone, excluding the interlayers or ad- jacent layers of other lithofacies in source rocks. According to the difference in reservoir mechanism, shale oil reservoir is classified into fracture- and matrix-type. The basic characteristics of shale oil reservoir are as follows： rich in organic matter and dominated by type I and II kerogens （Ro = 0.6%-1.2% and total organic carbon, TOC〉2.0%） ; complex mineral composition and laminated structure; micro to nano-scale reservoir space and low porosity- super-low permeability, with the need for reservoir improvement. The importance of organic matter to the formation and evaluation of shale oil reservoir is emphasized. That is, the content of organic matter determines the oil generation potential and reservoir capacity of shale, further controlling the reserves and productivity of shale oil reservoir. A set of reservoir evaluation criteria are put forward by focusing on the TOC content of source rocks （threshold values 2% and 4%） and taking into consideration a variety of indicators （e. g. , type and maturity of organic matter, thickness of or- ganic-rich shale, mineral composition and rock types, porosity and permeability, and shale fraeturability）. According to the proposed evaluation criteria, shale oil reservoir is ranked into three grades, including type I, target reservoir; type II, favorable reservoir; and type III, invalid reservoir.

关 键 词：页岩油 致密油 储层特征 评价要素及标准 有机质含量 

分 类 号：TE112.221[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]