鸡嗉子榕隐头果雌花期特征对传粉榕小蜂选择的影响  

Effects of Ficus semicordata Characteristics at Female Phase on the Choice of Pollinating Fig Wasp

作　　者：张媛[1,2] 彭艳琼[3] 杨大荣[3] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,昆明650224 [2]云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,昆明650223

出　　处：《热带亚热带植物学报》2014年第1期12-18,共7页Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金项目(2013FD023);国家自然科学基金项目(31372253;31100279);云南省重点学科森林保护学项目(XKZ200905)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨榕树隐头果的发育期、性别、大小等外部特征对传粉榕小蜂选择的影响,采取人为控制雌花期的方法,对鸡嗉子榕(Ficus sermicordata)及其传粉榕小蜂(Ceratosolen gravelyi)的选择行为进行研究。结果表明,在隐头花序发育到雌花期后,如果阻止传粉小蜂进入,隐头果会继续生长。直径较小的雌果和雄果的进蜂量较多,且在雌雄果同时存在时,小蜂仍然会选择进入雌果,但进蜂量显著低于雄果。小蜂优先选择进入雌花期前期的隐头花序,雌雄果皆有此特点。对于相同发育期的隐头果,果径和进蜂量呈正相关关系,说明对于相同发育期的隐头果,小蜂更倾向于进入较大的隐头果。因此,真正控制小蜂行为的是隐头花序所处的发育期,以及不同发育期所产生的化学挥发物,而非隐头果直径大小。这为进一步研究榕-蜂系统的稳定机制提供依据。The interaction between pollinating ifg wasps （Agaonidae） and their host ifg trees （Ficus） is a striking example of an obligate pollination mutualism. Successful pollination of ifg trees depends on a speciifc species of ifg wasp managing to ifnd ifgs of the correct host plant, at their correct stage of development. Encounters between receptive ifgs and their pollinators are attained by ifgs emitting species-speciifc volatile chemicals to attract their ifg wasps. However, whether and how the choice of ifg wasps can be inlfuenced by the characteristics of receptive figs are still controversial. The female phase of Fiucs sermicordata was deemed by whether fig wasps were willing to enter ifgs, the different developmental phase of male and female ifgs in receptivity were acquired at the same time by preventing ifgs from being pollinated by ifg wasps, and the diameter of ifgs was also measured to examined how fig wasps preferences can be reflected by the size, developmental phase and gender of figs. The results showed that figs would keep growing if they were prevented from being pollinated during female phase, smaller ifgs were more likely to be entered by more ifg wasps for both male and female ifgs, and ifg wasps preferred younger ifgs. Some of ifg wasps still chose female ifgs to enter when both receptive male and female ifgs were accessible at the same time, although the wasps number was signiifcantly smaller than those of entering male ifgs. Although the correlation between ifg diameter and foundress number was positive within ifgs in the same developmental phase, such correlation only signiifcant among four treatments of male ifgs. The results were not consistent with Ficus pertusa and Ficus hispida. These implied that different Ficus species might have different mechanism to control their pollinator’s choice during female phase, it is developmental phase in receptivity and the change of chemical volatile as consequence rather than ifg diameter has the direct effect on the choice of ifg wasps, and ifg

关 键 词：鸡嗉子榕 榕小蜂 互利共生 发育期 寄主识别 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]