文冠果可孕花与不孕花发育过程的比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Bisexual Flower and Unisexual Male Flower of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge

作　　者：吕雪芹[1] 张敏[2] 王頔[1] 王莉[2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,扬州225009 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,扬州225009

出　　处：《植物研究》2014年第1期85-94,共10页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXLX12_0925)

摘　　要：利用半薄切片和透射电镜技术对文冠果可孕花和不孕花的发育过程进行观察和比较。结果显示:(1)小孢子发育初期,两种类型花花药形态无明显差别;小孢子发育双核期,可孕花花药内壁纤维层细胞壁带状加厚,无唇细胞形成。而不孕花花药同侧两个花粉囊之间唇细胞正在分化;小孢子发育成熟期,不孕花花药唇细胞完全形成;散粉期,不孕花花药开裂呈双心形,而可孕花花药则不能开裂散粉。(2)可孕花雌蕊子房内有两室,柱头细胞排列紧密,柱头逐渐发育成圆球形,周围密布乳突细胞,具中空花柱道;不孕花雌蕊柱头停止发育,无中空花柱道,子房室变小,胚囊发育退化。(3)不孕花花药绒毡层中含大量蛋白体,小泡以及乌氏体等细胞器,发育后期绒毡层解体。而可孕花花药绒毡层中细胞器和营养物质积累均较少,发育后期绒毡层解体不完全。(4)可孕花花药内花粉粒细胞壁连续无萌发孔,细胞内含物较少。不孕花花药内花粉出现3个向内凹陷的萌发孔,且花粉内含有大量造粉质体和脂类物质。Semi-thin sectioning and electron microscopy were used to observe and analyze the development processes in the bisexual flower and unisexual male flower of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. The results show that： （1）At the early microspore development stage, there is no obvious difference between these two different kinds of flowers. At the uninuclear phase of microspore development when the cell walls thicken, lip cells do not form in the bisexual flower, but develop in the unisexual male flower. At the mature microspore stage, the lip cells form completely and the anther forms a double heart-shape in the unisexual male flower. However, the anther has not broken completely and can not disperse pollen. （2） In the bisexual flower, the ovary has two rooms, the cells are closely packed, the stigmas are cylindrical with papillate cells, and there is a hollow canal inside the style. However, in the unisexual male flower, the development of stigmas cease without the formation of a hollow canal inside the style, the ovarian rooms shrink, and the embryo sac degenerates. （3） The tapetum cells of the unisexual male flower contain many protein bodies, amyloplasts, vacuoles, and Ubisch bodies, and the tapetum cells completely disappear at the later microspore development stage. However, these organelles become less abundant in tapetum cells of the bisexual flower, and the tapetum cells do not completely disappear. （4） The pollen cell wall thickens without germination apertures in the bisexual flower, whereas in the unisexual male flower there are three germination apertures on the pollen grains, and many vacuoles, protein bodies, and liposomes accumulate in the pollen grains.

关 键 词：文冠果 可孕花 不孕花 败育 解剖结构 超微结构 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]