套蒜次数对大棚基质栽培番茄生长及基质理化性质的影响  

Effect of Tomato/Garlic Intercropping on Growth of Tomato and Biochemical Properties of Substrate Media under Plastic Tunnel

作　　者：刘同金[1] 程智慧[1] 孟焕文[1] Imran Ahmad 赵慧玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2013年第12期125-131,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171949);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903018-7)

摘　　要：探讨大棚基质栽培番茄套蒜1次和2次后对基质理化性质的变化及对番茄生长、产量的影响，为制定合理的套作措施提供理论依据。设置3个处理，分别是连作3茬番茄的基质中番茄单作、套过1次大蒜的基质中番茄单作和番茄／大蒜在套过1次大蒜的基质中继续套作。结果表明，番茄整个生育期内基质pH为7．3～7．7，变化幅度很小；由于施肥的影响，基质电导率在结果前期最高，之后随番茄、大蒜生长对养分的吸收较多导致其持续下降。番茄结果中期以前，套蒜1和2次基质的碱解氮含量均显著低于番茄单作，这是由于套蒜对基质速效氮消耗多于单作；套蒜显著提高基质中速效磷和速效钾的含量；增加基质中细菌和放线菌数量，降低真菌比例，且套作2次大蒜基质中的放线菌数量少于套作1次的基质。不同套蒜次数对秋茬番茄生长和产量无显著影响。因此，推荐在实际生产中通过基质栽培番茄套作大蒜来提高经济效益。The experiment was conducted in order to explore the impact of tomato/garlic intercropping system on substrate media with randomized block design during the year 2012 at the experimental re search station of Northwest A＆F University. Tomato （CV. Difenni） and garlic （CV. Zhengyue Zao） were planted on July 23rd and September 21st, 2012 respectively. There were total 3 treatments, i. e. , tomato monoculture on substrate media for three growing seasons （CK）, tomato monoculture （T1） and tomato/garlic intercropping （T2） on substrate media previously intercropped with garlic one time. The data were recorded on the growth, yield of tomato and biochemical properties of substrate. The experimental results revealed that the pH value remained stable during the whole growth period of tomato, while conductivity value significantly changed with the highest value recorded at early fruit stage and then it declined at later growth stages. Tomato-garlic intercropping significantly lowered the content of available nitrogen, while it significantly increased the available phosphorus and potassium content. Compared to the control, intercropping increased the number of bacteria and actinomycete, while it reduced the number of fungi. The number of actinomycete was lower in plot intercropped with garlic twice than plot intercropped with garlic one time. Intercropping with garlic had no positive effect on the growth and yield of tomato. Furthermore, tomato/garlic intercropping on substratemedia can enhance the net income of farmers.

关 键 词：番茄 大蒜 基质 套作次数 理化性质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S633.4[农业科学—园艺学] S626