菇渣堆肥对苹果苗生长和土壤持水能力的影响  

Effect of Spent Mushroom Compost on Apple Seedlings Growth and Soil Water-holding Capacity

作　　者：仝少伟[1,2] 时连辉[1,2,3] 刘登民[1,2] 胡雨彤[1,2] 孙杰[1,2] 魏美艳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]国家苹果工程技术研究中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《北方园艺》2014年第3期154-158,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系专项资助项目(CARS-28);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2014BAD16B02;2014BAL04B05);科技部成果转化项资助项目(2012GB2C600248);山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金资助项目(BS2010NY019);泰安市科技发展计划资助项目(20123064)

摘　　要：以苹果苗为试材,采用盆栽法,研究了0、12.5、25.0、50.0、100.0、200.0g/kg菇渣堆肥不同施用量对苹果苗生长、叶片光合色素、根系形态以及根系活力的影响,以期为菇渣堆肥在果园的应用提供参考。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,菇渣堆肥不同施用量均能够显著增加苹果苗地上生物量,50.0g/kg施用量在提高苹果苗干径、苗枝径、单叶片叶面积和单株叶面积方面效果更明显;随着菇渣堆肥施用量的增多,根系形态、根鲜重和根系活力均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,且在50.0g/kg施用量时达最大值,其根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根鲜重和根系活力分别是CK的5.66、4.80、3.90、5.67、2.24、1.78倍;经过1周土壤含水量的变化,施用菇渣堆肥显著增强土壤的吸水性和保水性,其中50.0g/kg施用量在后期的保水效果最好,比CK增加了178.93%;50.0g/kg施用量不仅在苹果苗生长和土壤持水能力方面表现效果突出,而且在经济方面也较为实惠,可为果园推广应用提供依据。With apple seedlings as test materials, the effects of spent mushroom compost about 0,12. 5,25. 0,50. 0,100. 0, 200. 0 g/kg different eoments on apple seedlings growth,photosynthetic pigment, root morphology and root activity were studied using pot experiment,and spent mushroom compost was applied in orchard production to provide the reference. The results showed that：compared to CK, spent mushroom compost with different contents could significantly promote apple seedlings above-ground biomass, and 50. 0 g/kg spent mushroom compost could significantly enhance dry stem diameter,branch diameter,leaf area per leaf, leaf area per plant. Along with the applying of spent mushroom compost content increased,root morphology, root fresh weight and root activities were showed a trend of increased and then decreased. 50. 0 g/kg spent mushroom compost was the best, and the root length, surface area, volume, number, activity were respectively 5.66,4. 80,3. 90,5.67,2. 24,1.78 times to CK. The soil moisture changes during one week, the soil water absorption and water retention obviously improved after using spent mushroom compost. The water retention of 50. 0 g/kg spem mushroom compost was the best in the later, and soil moisture content was respectively increased by 178. 93~ compared to CK. 50. 0 g/kg spent mushroom compost not only was good for the growth of apple seedlings and soil water-holding ability outstanding perfornmnce,but also it was relatively affordable on the economy. It would provide the basis for popularization and application in the orchard.

关 键 词：菇渣堆肥 苹果苗 根系 土壤持水量 根系形态 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]