盐度对不同卤虫品系存活和生殖性能的影响  

Effect of salinity on survival and reproductive performance of different Artemia strains

作　　者：隋丽英[1] 王婧[1] 贺华[1] 邓元告[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学海洋科学与工程学院,天津市海洋资源与化学重点实验室,天津300457

出　　处：《海洋科学》2013年第11期41-47,共7页Marine Sciences

基　　金：科技部国际科技合作计划项目(2010DFA32300);天津市科委应用基础与前沿技术研究计划重点项目(13JCZDJC28700)

摘　　要：作者采用中国渤海湾盐田固有的渤海湾孤雌生殖卤虫(Bohai Bay Artemia parthenogenetica,BHB)和分别源自美国旧金山湾盐田(SFB)与越南Vinh Chau人工养殖(VSFB)的两性生殖卤虫(A.franciscana),研究盐度(分别为70,125和180)对上述品系卤虫存活和生殖力的影响。结果表明,在实验盐度范围内,所有品系卤虫存活率随盐度升高而显著降低,但与BHB卤虫相比,SFB和VSFB卤虫对高盐度的耐受力较强。盐度显著影响BHB卤虫性成熟时间和产后代间隔时间,并随盐度的升高而延长,但对SFB和VSFB卤虫没有显著影响。所有品系卤虫每窝产幼体或产卵数量均随盐度升高而有降低的趋势。较低盐度(70)下,BHB卤虫以产幼体占绝对优势,VSFB产幼体较多,SFB产卵较多;而在较高盐度(125和180)下,VSFB以产幼体占绝对优势,SFB和BHB也以产幼体居多。总之,与SFB和BHB相比,VSFB在高盐环境下存活率较高,且以产幼体占绝对优势,表明VSFB卤虫更适应于高盐盐田环境,有利于该品系卤虫在盐场建立优势种群。This paper investigated the effect of salinity （70, 125 and 180, respectively） on survival and reproductive performance of autochthonous Artemia parthenogenetica from Bohai Bay saltworks, China （BHB） and A. franciscana obtained from the saltponds of San Francisco Bay, USA （SFB） and artificially-produced from Vinh Chau, Vietnam （VSFB）. The results indicated that, within the experimental salinity range, the survival rate of all tested Artemia strains declined significantly as salinity rising. The SFB and VSFB had a better tolerance to higher salinity than BHB. Higher salinity resulted in significantly longer maturation period and brood interval for BHB, while no significant effect was observed on SFB and VSFB. The nauplii and cysts yield per brood of all tested strains tended to reduce along with salinity increasing. At lower salinity （70）, BHB dominantly produced nauplii, VSFB produced more nauplii than cysts, and SFB produced more cysts than nauplii. In contrast, at higher salinity （125 and 180）, VSFB dominantly produced nauplii, and SFB and BHB produced more nauplii than cysts. In con- clusion, our data provided evidence that VSFB had a better survival rate and dominant ovoviviparous reproduction at higher salinity compared to local BHB and SFB,, and thus are more adapted to the environmental conditions in salt ponds and may be a more effective colonizer in saltworks.

关 键 词：卤虫(Artemia parthenogenetica BHB) 孤雌生殖 两性生殖 盐度 存活 生殖力 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]