用于填埋场恶臭气体控制的微生物除臭剂筛选及其除臭机制研究  

Research on the microbial deodorizer for the odor control in the landfill and its deodorizing mechanism

作　　者：崔玉雪[1] 郭广寨 黄皇[1] 王文婷[1] 陈浩泉 谢冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院、上海市城市化过程与生态重建重点实验室,上海200241 [2]上海环境实业有限公司,上海200060 [3]上海环境工程技术有限公司,上海200070

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2014年第1期60-63,83,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：上海市科委重大项目子课题(No.08DZ1208002)

摘　　要：从上海市老港垃圾填埋场的污泥和垃圾渗滤液中分离筛选得到数株具有较强除臭能力的菌株，并制成复合微生物除臭剂，考察了该除臭剂对污泥和垃圾释放NH3以及恶臭气体浓度等的去除效果，并结合聚合酶链式反应（PCR）-变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）技术对该除臭剂的微生物群落结构进行分析，初步探究其除臭机制。结果表明：（1）实验室小试时，48h，复合微生物除臭剂对污泥释放NH3的去除率维持在30％～45％，对垃圾释放NH3的去除率维持在25％～35％，去除效果好于EM菌剂。（2）污泥中转码头100t污泥中试试验表明，在复合微生物除臭剂投加量为0．5t条件下，24h后复合微生物除臭剂对NHs的去除率达到37．5％，恶臭气体浓度下降了19．1％。（3）PCRDGGE结果显示，复合微生物除臭剂的优势菌种为产碱杆菌、芽孢杆菌和显核菌，与EM菌剂差异较明显，且Shannon—Wiener多样性指数明显高于EM菌剂。其除臭机制可能为化学吸收与微生物降解、抑制的联合作用除臭。Several deodorizing strains were isolated from the sludge and leachate of Shanghai Laogang municipal solid waste disposal plant, these deodorizing strains were then made into microbial deodorizer. The removal efficiency of prepared microbial deodorizer on NH3 and odor concentration from sludge and domestic wastes was studied. The microbial community structure of the deodorizer was also studied with the application of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, and deodorizing mechanism was primarily explored. The re- sults showed that the removal efficiency of NH3 released from the sludge and domestic wastes could reach up to 30% 45 % and 25 %-35 % after 48 hours during the lab experiment. The NH3 removal efficiency of microbial deodorizer was better than that of EM deodorizer. In the pilot test, 0.5 t of microbial deodorizer was added into 100 t of sludge, and the NH3 released decreased by 37.5% while the odor decreased by 19.1%after 24 hours. PCR-DGGE showed that the dominant bacteria of the microbial deodorizer were Alcaligenes sp. ,Bacillus sp. and Caryophanon sp. , which was much different from EM deodorizer. The Shannon-Wiener index of the microbial deodorizer was obviously higher than that of the EM deodorizer. The deodorizing mechanism of microbial deodorizer was the combination of chemical ad- sorption, microbial degradation and inhibition.

关 键 词：填埋场 恶臭气体 微生物除臭剂 微生物群落结构 除臭机制 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]