某地男性建筑工人作业姿势与用力度的VOWAS分析  

Analysis of working postures and exertions in construction industry by OWAS method

作　　者：戴文涛[1] 赵晓蓉[1] 邹志方[1] 杨建新[2] 余日安[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东药学院公共卫生学院,广东省分子流行病学重点实验室,广州市510310 [2]广东药学院临床医学院,广州市510310

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第1期36-39,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(项目编号:A2007297);广东省中山市科技计划项目(项目编号:20083A186)

摘　　要：目的用观察法和问卷调查,分析建筑工人作业姿势与用力中的危险因素,尝试提出针对性的干预措施。方法抽取某建筑公司5个工种男性职工各5名,用视频Ovako作业姿势分析系统(VOWAS)分析其作业姿势和用力情况,用北欧标准肌肉骨骼症状问卷调查其工作有关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)患病率。比较各工种间危险性作业姿势和用力的比例,找出主要危险性作业姿势的VOWAS编码。结果 25位研究对象的颈、肩、背、腰、肘、腕/手、髋/大腿、膝、踝/脚WMSDs患病率分别为40.0%、64.0%、28.0%、52.0%、12.0%、32.0%、12.0%、24.0%和20.0%。砌匠的Ⅲ类姿势和Ⅳ类姿势分别为6.93%±0.21%和9.67%±0.13%,在各工种中均为最高。水管工、电工、清理工、砌匠的Ⅲ类姿势及Ⅳ类姿势百分率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),他们的主要Ⅲ类姿势及Ⅳ类姿势编码为2343、2242、2243、4233以及4142、4162、4263、4351。结论建筑员工中WMSDs患病率较高,其中,水管工、电工、清理工、砌匠作业中存在较多的高危险性的Ⅲ类及Ⅳ类作业姿势,需要尽快有针对性地干预和纠正。[ Objective ] To analyze the risk factors in working postures and exertions of builders by using observation method and questionnaires, and try to put forward targeted interventions. [ Methods ] A total of 25 employees from 5 types of work were selected in the field study. The Video Ovako Working Posture Analysis System （ VOWAS ） and Nordic standardized musculoskeletal symp-toms questionnaire were used for the analysis of working postures and exertions, WMSDs prevalence. By comparing of the risk work-ing postures and exertions between types of work, the risk VOWAS codes were identified. [ Results ] The prevalence rates of WMS-Ds of 25 study objects in body segments, such as neck, shoulder, upper back, low back, elbow, wrist/hand, hip/thigh, knee, ankle/foot were 40.0%, 64.0%, 28.0%, 52.0%, 12.0%, 32.0%, 12.0%, 24.0% and 20.0% respectively. The percent of action category Ⅲ and Ⅳ in bricklayer were 6.93% ±0.21% and 9.67% ±0.13% which was the highest in all types of work groups. Comparing with control group, the percent of action category m and IV in pipe worker, electrician, cleaner and bricklayer were higher significantly （P 〈 0.01 ）, their action category code were 2343, 2242, 2243, 4233 and 4142, 4162, 4263, 4351. [ Conclusion ] The prevalence of WMSI）s in construction employees is higher and the risk working postures and exertions, such as action category Ⅲ and Ⅳ, highly existed in pipe worker, electrician, cleaner and bricklayer, should be interfered and corrected as soon as possible.

关 键 词：肌肉骨骼疾患 建筑工人 作业姿势 评价 干预 

分 类 号：R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]