种植密度对一膜两年用胡麻灌浆速率、水分利用效率及产量的影响  

Effects of Planting Density on Filling Rate,Water Use Efficiency and Yield for One Film Used Two Years of Oil Flax

作　　者：吴兵[1] 高玉红[2] 谢亚萍[2] 王旺田[1] 陈永军[3] 令鹏[3] 牛俊义[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省定西市旱作农业科研推广中心,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《核农学报》2013年第12期1912-1919,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17-GW-9)

摘　　要：为寻求干旱半干旱地区一膜两年用栽培条件下胡麻最适宜种植密度，探讨不同密度条件下旱地胡麻的增产机理，在大田环境下，分析比较了300-1200万粒·hm-2（D1～D7，以150万粒·hm-2为间隔）7种密度处理对旱地胡麻生育进程中土壤水分、叶面积、灌浆速率、干物质积累、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：低种植密度下一膜两年用胡麻对水分的利用效果显著，有利于光合面积及同化产物积累量的增加。不同密度下土壤贮水量差异主要体现在现蕾期，为其由营养生长向生殖生长过度提供必需水分保证。叶面积对密度处理的响应基本与之一致，各生育时期均以D1最高，且在现蕾期较最低D6处理显著高出210．85％。各处理下灌浆速率变化主要体现在花后30d、花后50d，此时D1均较高，分别较最低D7处理高55．12％与71．83％。全生育期D1均表现出最高的干物质积累量，生育后期D1、D2、D3、D4继续保持增长，而D5、D6、D7呈现有所下降的态势。籽粒产量亦以D1最高，达1837．95kg·hm-2，其余依次为D3（1617．30kg·hm-2）、D2（1598．40kg·hm-2）、D6（1533．30kg·hm-2）、D4（1501．35kg·hm-2）、D5（1495．05kg·hm-2）和D7（1441．80kg·hm-2），水分利用效率与产量变化趋势基本一致，随密度增加而下降，最高D1较最低D7增加30．69％。说明300万粒·hm12种植密度是一膜两年用胡麻兼顾节本增效、保水高产的最适种植密度，适宜在旱作农业区推广应用。Field experiments were conducted to investigate effective planting density in field and its mechanism of production stability and yield improvement of oil flax in arid areas for one film used for two years. It was compared soil water amount, leaf area, filling rate, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency and yield under seven planting density models of oil flax, 300 （ D1 ）, 450 （D2）, 600 （ D3 ）, 750 （D4）, 900 （ D5 ）, 1050 （ D6 ） and 1200 （ D7 ） ten thousand grains per hectare. The results showed that low planting-density had an remarkable effect on soil water utilization, photosynthetic area promotion and assimilation accumulation improvement of oil flax under one film used two years. Differences of soil water storage were mainly reflected at the budding stage under seven planting density models, which keep essential water for transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. Leaf area response to the different treatments had the same trend as soil water storage, and showed the highest in the different growth periods in D1, which significantly increased by 210.85% over the lowest D6 at the budding stage. For 30 days and 50 days after flowering, the filling rate of D1 increase by 55.12% and 71.83% over the D7, respectively. In the whole growth period, there appeared the highest in dry matter accumulation in D1, while continued to maintain growth in D1, D2, D3 and D4, but declined in late growth stage in D5, D6 and D7. Yield in D1 had the highest grain yield （1 837.95 kg· hm-2） with D3, D2, D6, D4, D5 and D7 yields of 1617.30, 1598.40, 1533.30, 1501.35, 1495.05, and 1441.80 kg · hm-2, respectively. The trend in water use efficiency was the same with that in yield. Water use efficiency was the highest in D1, up to 30.69% over D7. The study recommended D1 （3 000 000 grains＇hm-1 ） as the most appropriate density in high-yield. However, considerations of local physical conditions and tillage measures is also needed to determinethe optimal planting density.

关 键 词：胡麻 一膜两年用 密度 灌浆速率 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]