煤沥青对焦炭的浸润性及其在核石墨制备中的作用  

A review on the behavior of coal-tar pitch/coke wetting and the effect to the manufacture of nuclear graphite

作　　者：郭文利[1] 王晨[1] 董利民[1] 梁彤祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,精细陶瓷北京市重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《炭素》2013年第4期3-9,共7页Carbon

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（21271114）、清华大学自主研发基金（20111080982）的资助项目.

摘　　要：作为炭素材料,核石墨是高温气冷堆和熔盐堆的关键材料.在炭素材料的制备过程中,粘结剂沥青对骨料焦炭颗粒的浸润性对炭素材料的生产工艺以及最终产品的强度、耐磨性都有重要影响.在研究中,人们先后采用润湿角法、液滴测试技术、渗透层厚度法以及结焦实验对煤沥青/焦炭的浸润性进行表征和检测.沥青的化学组分和结构、焦炭的粒度、表面官能团决定了沥青的表面张力、沥青的黏度以及沥青液滴在焦炭基体上的接触角,是影响沥青浸润性的主要因素.提高沥青浸润性的常用方法包括控制沥青组分,采用表面活性剂改变沥青的结构或将润湿沥青和非润湿沥青进行混合.文章的最后对我国国产核石墨研制中煤沥青浸润性的改善途径提出建议.Nuclear graphite is the key material in the High Temperature Reactor （HTR） and Molten Salt Reactor（MSR）,both of which are the Generation-IV reactors and will be developed preferentially in China. Several grades of nuclear graphite which have been developed in the 1970s and 80s for advanced gas-cooled reactor applications are no longer in production. So, domestic nuclear graphite must be prepared to support the design and construction of structures associated with new concepts. In the manufacture of the carbon materials, the wetting behavior of binder pitch/and coke have important influences both on the preparation process and the mechanical properties of final product such as the strength and abrasion resistance. The characterization and detection methods of the pitch/coke wetting behavior, such as the contact angle method, a droplet test and penetration ratio test are introduced in this paper. The pitch / coke wetting properties are dependent upon the characteristics of the pitch, （ i.e. chemical composition, softening point, surface tension, viscosity） and the characteristics of the coke （texture, particle size, chemical functional groups at the surface）. The general ways to improve the wetting capacity of coal-tar pitch were also summarized. Suggestions on the selection of coal-tar pitch and the establishment of preparation process to improve the pitch/coke wetting behavior in the manufacture of domestic nucleargraphite were put forward in the ending part.

关 键 词：煤沥青 焦炭 浸润性 炭素材料 核石墨 

分 类 号：TQ522.63[化学工程—煤化学工程]