典型土壤环境中重金属元素的形态分布和转化——以山东烟台为例  

Distribution and Transformation of Heavy Metals in Typical Soil Environments,A Case Study in Yantai

作　　者：代杰瑞[1] 郝兴中[1,2] 庞绪贵[1] 王红晋[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省地质调查院,济南250013 [2]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2013年第6期713-719,728,共8页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：山东省国土资源大调查项目(2006709)

摘　　要：土壤中不同形态重金属及其转化的影响因素研究对于了解重金属的地球化学行为具有重要意义。本文以山东烟台金矿区及城镇周边土壤为例,探讨了土壤中不同形态重金属与土壤有机质、粘粒、磁化率和pH值的关系及其生态危害性。结果表明:(1)土壤中Pb、Hg等重金属主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化态为主,其他形态所占比例较小,而Cd以离子交换态为主,且随总量的增加,离子交换态含量迅速增加,因此总量可作为表征土壤Cd污染的指标;(2)土壤酸化可使Ni、Zn、Cd、Hg的活动态含量增加;土壤pH对Pb和As活动态的影响符合二次曲线特征,对于Pb污染严重的土壤,使土壤pH维持在中碱性环境,可以降低Pb危害;防止土壤盐碱化,提高有机质含量是消除土壤As污染的有效措施;(3)土壤有机质含量增加可明显降低Pb、Hg、Ni等活动态含量;土壤磁化率与重金属稳定态显著正相关,磁化率升高对生物的危害性不大,但对了解土壤酸化的状况和土壤污染程度有较好的指示作用。Studying the factors of controlling their distribution and transformation is very important to understanding the geochemical characteristics of heavy metals in soil environments. This article studied the typical soil in the Yan- tai gold field and around areas, discussed the interrelations of soil organic matter, clay, magnetic susceptibility and pH as well as ecological harms of different forms heavy metals in soil. The results showed that~ （1） the heavy met- als, such as Pb and Hg, mainly bound to residual and Fe-Mn oxides phases, and Cd content in the ionic exchangea- ble phase dominates the total content of Cd in the soil, indicating that the total Cd content can be used as an index for Cd pollution in the soil~ （2） soil acidification can increase active contents of Ni, Zn, Cd and Hg, and such to lead serious ecological risk~ the correlations of soil pH and active contents of Pb and As in the soil showed quadratic curves, implying that a neutral-alkaline environment, which prevents soil salinization, can reduce the ecologic risks of Pb heavy polluted soils, and that improving soil organic matters contents can help eliminate As pollution~ （3） soil organic matter can reduce the contents of active Pb, Hg and Ni, and increasing clay contents may slightly re- duce the percentage of ionic exchangeable Pb and Zn~ soil magnetic susceptibility has a significant positive correla- tion with stable heavy metals~ high magnetic susceptibility is a good indicator for acidification situation and pollution degree of soil and has little harm to biology.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属元素 有机质 土壤PH值 磁化率 烟台市 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]