两个玉米品种胚乳发育的比较  

Comparison of Endosperm Development Between Two Maize Cultivars

作　　者：荆彦平[1] 李栋梁[1] 刘大同[1] 余徐润[1] 王萍[1] 熊飞[1] 顾蕴洁[1] 王忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《玉米科学》2014年第1期79-85,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(3107134;31270228);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(2009320004)

摘　　要：以农乐988和扬糯1号两个品种的玉米颖果为材料，利用树脂半薄切片、组织化学染色及生理测定等方法研究胚乳组织和细胞的发育过程。结果表明，两个玉米品种粒重及淀粉含量的变化呈S形生长曲线；可溶性糖变化呈单峰曲线，授粉后12d含量最高；总蛋白含量在授粉后6d较高。颖果粒重和总蛋白含量农乐988〉扬糯1号；可溶性糖及淀粉含量扬糯1号〉农乐988。授粉后0～2d胚乳处在游离核期，授粉后3～5d胚乳处在细胞化期，授粉6d以后胚乳细胞开始分化，内胚乳细胞出现淀粉体和蛋白体。胚乳中淀粉的积累由颖果顶端向基部、由胚乳外层向中央推进。扬糯1号胚乳发育较提前，失活较晚；农乐988胚乳发育相对滞后，失活较早。玉米胚乳发育和颖果发育关系紧密，胚乳游离核期和细胞化期相当于颖果形成期，胚乳分化期相当于颖果乳熟期，胚乳成熟期相当于颖果蜡熟期与完熟期。The endosperm and cell development process were investigated, by using resin semi-thin sections, histochemical staining and physiological measurement methods, with two maize cultivars, Nongle988 and Yangnuol, as the materials. The results indicated that the change of grain weight and starch content presented S-curve, soluble sugar was changed as unimodal curve with the highest content at 12 d after pollination, the content of total protein was highest at 6 d. The grain weight and total protein content in two cultivars were Nongle988 〉Yangnuol, the soluble sugar and the starch content were Yangnuol〉 Nongle988. The free nuclei stage was at 0-2 d and the cellularization stage was at 3-5 d after pollination. The differentiation of endosperm cell started after 6 d of pollination, and the amy- loplasts and protein bodies appeared in starch endosperm cell. The starch was gradually accumulated from caryopsis apex to the base and from endosperm external to the center. The vated late. While Nongle988 endosperm development was lagged endosperm in Yangnuol developed early and inacti- and inactivated early, endosperm was badly enriched and formed a cavity in the central of endosperm. The relationship between endosperm development and caryopsis de- velopment were closely related. The free nuclear stage and cellularization stage of endosperm was equal to the forma- tion stage of caryopsis development. The differentiation stage of endosperm was equal to the milk stage of caryopsis. The maturation stage of endosperm was equal to the ripening stage and full ripeness stage of caryopsis.

关 键 词：玉米 胚乳 淀粉体 蛋白体 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]