玉米高产与氮肥高效协同实现存在的问题及其途径  

Problems and Approaches of Achieving High Yield and High Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Maize Production

作　　者：孙浒 张吉旺[1] 靳立斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《玉米科学》2014年第1期143-148,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271662);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD21B0601);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目;公益性行业科研专项(201203100)

摘　　要：综述施氮对玉米产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响。随施氮量增加，玉米产量先升高后降低，在150～180kg／hm2可达到最大值；适量施氮可以改善玉米子粒品质；氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力均随施氮量增加而降低。通过多年多点数据分析得出，我国华北地区玉米的适宜施氮量为180kg/hm2左右，可实现玉米高产高效。通过合理减少氮肥用量、改进施肥技术、应用新型肥料并将氮肥运筹与综合农艺管理相结合，可以实现玉米产量和氮素利用效率的协同提高。The effects of nitrogen application rate on yield, quality, nitrogen use efficiency of maize were summa- rized. The results showed that the grain yield increases first, and then decreases with the increase of nitrogen applica- tion rates, and reaches the highest at 150-180 kg N/ha, appropriate nitrogen rate could improve grain equality, N use efficiency and N partial factor productivity decline as N application increased, respectively. Through years of mul- ti-point data analyzed that the optimum nitrogen rate for maize should be 180 kg/ha in North China. And clearly put forward that high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency of maize could be realized by decreasing the nitrogen rate moderately, improving the fertilization technique, applying new fertilizers, and the combination of nitrogen manage- ment with integrated agronomic practices.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥用量 高产 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]