微藻生物固碳技术进展和发展趋势  

Biological mitigation of carbon dioxide via microalgae:Recent development and future direction

作　　者：周文广[1] 阮榕生[1] 

机构地区：[1]美国明尼苏达大学生物加工和生物系统工程系,生物质精炼中心,美国圣保罗55108

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2014年第1期63-78,共16页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

摘　　要：大气中CO2含量升高是导致温室效应的主要原因,因此,减少CO2的排放和积累是解决全球气候变暖的重点.传统的CO2减排方法包括捕集（capture）和储存（storage）,涉及化学吸附、物理吸收、膜分离和低温蒸馏等一系列物理化学方法,但其均存在成本高和不可再生等缺点.通过种植或养殖生物质可以捕集CO2.微藻生长周期短、光合效率高,其CO2固定效率为一般陆生植物的10~50倍;同时微藻生长速度快,能利用不可耕地,具有广阔的发展前景.本文概述了适用的藻种及所能达到的CO2固定效果,分析了光生物反应器类型、光照强度、光周期、温度、pH、CO2浓度、CO2吸收效率、气体传质效率和营养需求（包括来自市政和工业农废水中的N、P等营养）等多种因素对微藻固碳效果的影响.最后,对微藻固碳的实际应用和经济可行性进行了评估,展望了微藻固碳技术的发展和应用前景.Abstract： The major gas leading to global warming and greenhouse gas emission is elevated carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which called for effective carbon dioxide mitigation technologies. Traditional carbon dioxide mitigation methods included capture and storage, which involved a series of technologies such as absorption, adsorption, gas-separation membranes and cryogenic distillation. However, these methodologies are considered as cost expensive and non-sustainable. A promising technology is the biological capture of carbon dioxide by using microalgae, which have fast growth rate and high photosynthetic efficiency. The microalgae can fix CO2 using solar energy with efficiency of ten to fifty times greater than terrestrial plant, and can be cultivated on non-fertile land. In this review, the promising microalgae for effective CO2 fixation and the effect of CO2 fixation by microalgae are introduced. The effect of reactor configurations, light intensity, the light/dark cycle, temperature, pH, CO2 concentration, CO2 fixation rates, mass transfer and nutrients requirement （including nutrients such as N and P derived from a variety of wastewater sources, e.g., agricultural run-off, concentrated animal feed operations, and industrial and municipal wastewater） on CO2 fixation are analyzed. Finally, the application and economic viability as well as future trends and perspectives of microalgae biological CO2 fixation are also discussed in depth.

关 键 词：微藻 二氧化碳 全球气候变暖 生物固定 光生物反应器 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]