早期干预对高危儿智能发育的随访研究  

Follow-up study of early intervention on high-risk neonates intelligence development

作　　者：马立新[1] 张毅[1] 俞红[1] 龚研宁[1] 高丹[1] 麻静[1] 杨静仪[1] 李红琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省佛山市妇幼保健院,528000

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2014年第4期560-562,共3页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

摘　　要：目的:探讨早期干预对高危儿智能发育的影响。方法:对329例高危儿定期随访,定期评估,给予早期干预指导。结果:坚持随访到1、2岁的主要高危因素依次为早产或低出生体重儿、高胆红素血症、窒息或缺氧缺血性脑病;1岁时早产儿随访组中大运动、精细动作、认知能力、语言、社交能力及总发育商(DQ)均高于失访组(P<0.05),早产儿失访组5个能区和总DQ均低于正常对照组(P<0.05);1岁时极早产儿随访组大运动及总DQ均低于正常对照组(P<0.01),2岁时大运动及总DQ数值虽然低于正常对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大运动发育迟缓或姿势异常早期干预的康复率达100%,随访至2岁的儿童无脑瘫发生。结论:早期干预可以促进高危儿智能发育,早发现、早干预是减少脑瘫的关键,早产儿作为高危儿中的特殊群体应受到密切关注,应建立长期随访制度,以帮助高危儿提高其未来的学习能力和生活质量。Objective： To explore the effect of early intervention on high- risk neonates intelligence development. Methods： 329 cases high risk ineonates were followed up regularly, and assessed regularly, given early intervention. Results： Follow - up to 1 year, 2 years of age the main risk factors were preterm or low birth weight infants, hyperbilirubinemia, asphyxia and hypoxic isehemic encephalopa- thy. At the age of one year, large motion, fine motor, cognitive ability, language, social skills and average of the developmental quotient （DQ） in the follow - up intervention group in premature infants were significantly higher than those of the lost group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. All DQs of the lost group were significantly lower than those of the normal control group （ P 〈 O. 05 ） . At 1 year of age of extremely preterm infants, large motion and average of the DQ in follow- up group were lower than those in normal control group （P 〈 O. 01 ） . At the age of 2, al- though large motion and average of the DQ in follow- up group were lower than those in normal control group, but there was no statistical difference （P 〉0. 05 ） . The recovery rate of the early intervention of motor retardation or abnormal posture was 100%. Following -up to 2 years old, no child appeard with cerebral palsy. Conclusion： Early intervention can promote the intelligence development of high risk neo- nates. Early discovery, early intervention is the key to reduce cerebral palsy. As a special population of high - risk neonate, premature infants should be pay attention closely, we should establish a long - term follow - up system, in order to help risk neonates improving their learning ability and quality of life in the future.

关 键 词：早期干预 高危儿 智能发育 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]