过失相抵与无过错责任  

Comparative Negligence and No- Fault Liability

作　　者：程啸[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2014年第1期137-145,共9页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(12YJA820009);清华大学自主科研计划课题"中国统一损害赔偿法的构建与完善"

摘　　要：过失相抵是损害赔偿法中的一项基本规则,适用于所有的损害赔偿之债。在适用无过错责任的侵权行为中,除非法律另有规定,可以适用过失相抵,这是法律之公平精神与自己责任原则的要求。在可以适用过失相抵规则的无过错责任中,对该规则的适用也应有一定的限制。首先,只有当受害人对损害的发生或扩大有重大过失时,才能适用过失相抵,减轻侵权人的赔偿责任。其次,如果受害人是不完全民事行为能力人,无论是受害人本人还是其监护人对于损害的发生或扩大有过错,对侵权人赔偿责任的减轻都不得低于全部损失的一定比例。The rule of comparative negligence is a fundamental one in the field of damages law. In many countries, the rule may be applied to all damages obligations. As the requirements of the spirit of fairness of law and the principle of self - responsibility, comparative negligence should also be applied to a claim based on strict liability （ no - fault liability）, unless some statute requires otherwise. When the rule of comparative negligence is applied to strict liabilities, the element and effects of its application should be restricted. Firstly, only when the occurrence or expansion of damage is due to the victim~ gross negligence, comparative negligence may be applied to no - fault liability. Secondly, if the victim is a person having no capacity or limited capacity for his or her civil conduct, whether the victim himself or his/her guardian for cau- sing or expanding the damage with fault, the liability of the torffeasor should be reduced but not less than a certain percent- age of the total losses of victim.

关 键 词：无过错责任 过失相抵 侵权责任法 损害赔偿 

分 类 号：DF522[政治法律—民商法学]