天山中部地区盘羊冬季采食地和卧息地的生境分离  

Habitat segragation between foraging and bed sites of Tianshan argali( Ovis ammon karelini) in central Tianshan Mountains in winter

作　　者：李叶[1] 余玉群 时磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]秦岭国家植物园,西安710061

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第2期358-364,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家国际科技合作计划项目(2010DFA92720)资助

摘　　要：采用样线法及直接观察法研究天山中部古仁郭楞地区盘羊天山亚种(Ovis ammon karelini)冬季采食地和卧息地的生境分离。2009年12月—2010年1月累计调查5条沟系的12条样线,测量盘羊采食地和卧息地样方分别为120个和114个。记录了样方所在地的海拔、植物种数、植被盖度、植被高度及距道路距离等13项生态因子。结果表明,天山盘羊冬季采食地与卧息地在植被高度、植被盖度、隐蔽级等生态因子差异不显著(P>0.05);在海拔、坡度、坡位、距道路距离、距居民点距离、植物种数和雪深等生态因子差异极显著(P<0.01),雪盖、坡向和地貌类型生态因子差异显著(P<0.05)。逐步判别分析表明,由5个生态因子变量构成的方程能够区分盘羊冬季采食地与卧息地生境,正确率达到95.1%,按照其贡献值的大小排序依次为:雪深、距道路距离、海拔、坡度和植被高度。研究结果支持盘羊冬季采食地和卧息地之间存在明显的生境分离。Habitat segragation between foraging and bed sites for Tianshan argali （Ovis ammon karelini） was studied in Gurenguoleng of central Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur Autono- mous Region, China. During December 2009 to January 2010, we totally investigated the Tian- shan argali among 12 line transects along 5 ditches. Line transects were allocated from the bottom to the ridge of the mountain covering all typical vegetations in this region. In the field investiga- tion, we observed 120 foraging and 114 bed sites for Tianshan argali with 13 ecological factors： elevation, slope, slope direction, slope location, landscape type, vegetation height, vegetation coverage, hiding level, distance from road, snow depth, snow cover, distance to human settle- ments and number of plant species. The results showed that there were no significant differences between foraging and bed sites for Tianshan argali among the factors of vegetation height, vegeta- tion cover, and hiding cover level （P〉0.05） in winter, but the differences of altitude, slope, distance to road, distance to human settlements, number of plant species, slope location and snow depth （P〈0.01）, snow cover, slope direction and landscape types （P〈0.05） were signifi- cant between foraging and bed sites. We found that 5 essential ecological factors played important roles in distinguishing the foraging and bed sites, with a decreasing order of importance as snow depth, distance to road, elevation, slope, and vegetation height. Based on the mentioned ecolog- ical factor variables, the accurate rate for distinguishing the foraging and bed sites of Tianshan ar- gali reached 95.1%. The results demonstrated that there was obvious habitat segragtion between foraging and bed sites for Tianshan argali to live in winter.

关 键 词：盘羊 生境分离 逐步判别分析 天山 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]