橡胶树产胶量影响因素  

A review of influencing factors on latex yield of Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：李国尧 王权宝 李玉英 周双喜 于海英[4] 

机构地区：[1]景洪农场管委会规建所,云南景洪666119 [2]景洪农场管委会农林水综合服务中心,云南景洪666119 [3]西双版纳州气象局,云南景洪666100 [4]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,资源植物与生物技术所级重点实验室,昆明650204

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第2期510-517,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270524)资助

摘　　要：橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)的乳状汁液是天然橡胶的最主要来源,其产胶量受很多因素的制约。本文从气象因子、土壤营养成分、常见病虫害、割胶制度和技术、品种和胶园管理等方面综合分析了影响橡胶树产胶量的因素及相关机理。温度、降雨和太阳辐射是影响产胶量的主要气象因子,它们相互影响并以累加效应作用于橡胶产胶;主要土壤营养元素氮、钾、磷和镁通过影响光合作用等影响胶乳合成,并因影响胶乳的稳定性而影响排胶;此外,病虫害、割胶制度和技术、橡胶树品种、树龄及胶园管理措施等都会对产胶量产生相应的影响。综合对以上影响因素及机理的分析,本文旨在为橡胶树产胶的科学研究和生产实践提供理论参考。Latex from the rubber tree （Hevea brasiliensis） is a major source of natural rubber; however, the latex yield is limited by numerous factors. This study summarized the effects of cli- matic factors, soil nutrients, common diseases, tapping systems and techniques, clonal variety, and plantation management on the latex yield. Temperature, precipitation and solar radiation are the three major climatic factors affecting latex yield; furthermore, these three factors have an ad- ditive effect on yield. The soil nutrients, i. e. , nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesi- um, have great effects on latex production. These nutrients can affect the rubber formation and latex flow through influencing the photosynthesis and mechanical stability. In addition, diseases and pests, tapping system and technology, rubber tree varieties, tree age, and management of rubber plantation all affect the latex yield. By analyzing the above factors and mechanisms syn- thetically, this study provides a theoretical reference for scientific research and practice of rubber production.

关 键 词：产胶量 气象因子 土壤营养元素 病虫害 割胶制度和技术 胶园管理 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]