有效利用土壤磷的小麦种质筛选方法研究  

Studies on Wheat Germplasm Screening Method for Efficient Utilization of Soil Phosphorus

作　　者：邢宏燕[1] 王二明[1] 李滨[1] 李继云[2] 李振声[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传研究所,植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,土壤化学室,北京100101

出　　处：《作物学报》2000年第6期839-844,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大课题资助项目! ( 39790 1 0 0 )

摘　　要：利用由不同地点采集的土壤样品布置了 9次土培试验 ,对 4 37份不同小麦品种在不同有效磷含量土壤中的磷营养特性表现进行了较全面的鉴定。发现 ,施磷处理和减磷处理土壤有效磷含量的差距即选择压力是土培试验鉴定成败的关键因素。施磷处理的土壤有效磷含量为 2 4 mg/ kg左右 ,减磷处理的土壤有效磷含量为 8mg/ kg左右是利用土培试验进行“磷高效”小麦种质资源筛选的合适选择压力。在选择压力过大或过小时 ,小麦耐低磷基因均得不到充分表达 ,磷高效和磷低效品种间差异很小 ,难于进行有效选择。研究还表明 ,土培试验苗期表现可以作为小麦种质资源耐低磷特性筛选的早期选择指标 ,快速。To screen the wheat germplasm with high P utilization efficiency from 437 diffe rent cultivars, 9 experiments of soil pot culture were carried out. The soil sam ples had various available P contents, and collected from different farmland, s uburbs of Beijing. It was found that the screening pressure, i.e., the differenc e of available P content between +P and -P treatment, is the key factor in soil pot cultures. The critical contents of available P for the screening were 24 mg /kg and 8 mg/kg for +P and -P treatments respectively. Both too low or high scre ening pressure would lead to the unfull expression of wheat tolerance to low P a nd the little difference between cultivars with hig h or low P utilizing efficiency, which made screening difficult. The results al s o showed that biomass of wheat seedling in soil pot cultures can serve as an the earlier selection criterion for tolerance to low soil phosphorus content, by wh ich large scale screening of wheat germplasm can be carried out rapidly and eff iciently.

关 键 词：选择压力 小麦 种质资源 筛选 土壤磷 利用效 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]