常住4500m以上地区平原移居人群的发病情况调查  

Survey on disease adaption of migrant-from-plain population in over 4500-meter high altitude area

作　　者：李素芝[1] 郑必海[2] 李尚师[1] 何锋[1] 吕茂霞[2] 黄文超[1] 周晓波[1] 陶成芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军西藏军区总医院全军高山病中心,西藏拉萨850007 [2]解放军西藏军区总医院特诊科,西藏拉萨850007

出　　处：《临床军医杂志》2014年第1期67-69,共3页Clinical Journal of Medical Officers

摘　　要：目的对常住4 500 m以上较高海拔地区平原移居人群的发病情况进行调查。方法由医务人员携带仪器设备到4 500 m以上的高海拔地区现场,对常住该地区的平原移居人群进行体检,项目包括病史询问、常规查体及各种辅助检查,并对其疾病适应力进行分析。结果调查长期居住4 500 m以上高海拔地区的平原移居对象2 340例,其常见疾病主要有30多种,患病人数达1 084人,患病率高达46.32%。其中同时患3种以上疾病者占患病总人数的24.58%;慢性高原适应不全、高原红细胞增多症、心肌缺血、失眠、高原性心脏病、血压异常、高尿酸血症、关节炎、脱发、反甲、皮肤病、眼病较为常见,且均达10%以上;其常见临床症状主要有头昏头痛、心悸、胸闷、咳嗽、失眠、多梦、耳鸣、记忆力下降、注意力不集中、情绪不稳定、疲劳、食欲下降、体质量下降等;且常见病的患病率随海拔高度及移居高原时间的增加而升高。结论常住4 500 m以上较高海拔地区的平原移居人群在长期低氧暴露下机体对疾病的适应能力明显下降,其常见疾病的患病率较高,且患病率随着海拔高度及移居高原时间的增加而升高,同时身患多种疾病者较普遍。Objective To survey the disease adaption of migrant population of permanent residence from plain to over-4 500-meter high altitude area. Methods The medical staff carried equipment to over-4 500-meter high altitude areas and performed physical examination on the migrant population of permanent residence from plain to those areas. The study items included medical history, routine physical examination and auxiliary examination, and the disease adaption was analyzed. Results A total of 2 340 subjects were surveyed. Over 30 kinds of diseases were common. There were 1 084 subjects with illness and the percentage reached 46.32%. The subjects with over 3 kinds of diseases accounted for 24.58% of those with illness. The relatively more common diseases included chronic high altitude sickness, high altitude polycythemia, myocardial ischemia, insomnia, high altitude heart disease, blood pres- sure disorders, hyperuricemia, arthritis, alopeeia, koilonyehias, skin disease and eye disease, and the morbidities of the above- mentioned diseases were all over 10%. The common clinical symptoms were mainly dizziness, headache, palpitation, chest dis- tress, cough, insomnia, dreaminess, tinnitus, memory deterioration, inattention, emotional instability, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, etc. The morbidities of common diseases increased with altitude and prolongation of migration. Conclusion In the mi- grant population of permanent residence from plain to high altitude area, the disease adaption decreases significantly due to the long- term exposure to hypoxia, and the morbidities of the common diseases are relatively higher. The morbidities increase with altitude and prolongation of migration. Meanwhile, the conditions of more than one disease were popular.

关 键 词：高海拔地区 缺氧 移居人群 疾病适应力 

分 类 号：R821.33[医药卫生—临床医学]