开放式叙事疗法在农村特殊家庭留守儿童心理干预中的应用  

Application of open narrative therapy in left-behind children＇s psychological intervention in rural families of special circumstances

作　　者：王素芬[1] 余成民[1] 李宁佳[1] 李薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省南充市精神卫生中心,637000

出　　处：《神经疾病与精神卫生》2013年第6期545-547,共3页Journal of Neuroscience and Mental Health

基　　金：四川省卫生厅科研基金项目（110629）;南充市本级应用技术研究与开发资金项目（11A0058）

摘　　要：目的 探讨开放式叙事疗法在解决农村特殊家庭留守儿童心理问题中的作用.方法 采用艾森克个性调查问卷（7～15岁）、儿童孤独量表、儿童自我意识量表,对南充市阆中金城中心校四到六年级的在校农村特殊家庭（包括单亲、父母双亡、父母离异、父母服刑、父母丧失劳动力、养父母的家庭等）留守儿童和非留守儿童进行心理测量.其中49例为农村特殊家庭留守儿童设为干预组,75例非留守儿童设为对照组.干预组给予为期30周开放式叙事心理治疗（以作文结对交流为主）,对照组仅给予一般支持性心理辅导,随后两组重测上述心理测验,并对所得结果进行对比分析.结果 农村特殊家庭留守儿童心理卫生问题明显多于非留守儿童,表现为社会行为问题、个性情绪问题显著增多,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;经开放式叙事治疗后干预组儿童的社会行为问题、个性情绪问题明显减少、自我意识水平有所提高.结论 农村特殊家庭留守儿童存在较多的心理卫生问题,开放式叙事心理治疗可显著改善农村特殊家庭留守儿童的社会行为、缓解焦虑抑郁情绪、重塑个性,促进儿童身心健康发展.Objective To investigate the effect of open narrative therapy in solving psychological problems of rural left--behind children in special families. Methods using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （7- 15 years）, Children＇s Loneliness Scale, Children＇s Self-- concept Scale, rural family in four to the sixth grade of Jincheng center in Langzhong Nanchong country schools （including single parent, Parents forgot, parents divorced, parents in prison, parents lost labor, adoptive family） left--behind children and un-- left-- behind children psychological measurement. Including 49 cases of special rural family left-- behind children set （intervention group）, 75 patients with un-- left-- behind children set （control group） ; the two group of children＇s age and gender were not significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The intervention group was given a 30 week open narrative psychotherapy （with composition pair exchange based）, control group was given the general supportive psychological counseling, and then two groups of test--retest Children Loneliness Scale, Children＇s Self--concept Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （7 - 15 years old）, psychological test, and the results were comparatively analyzed. Results The left--behind children in rural special family had more psychological health problems than un-- left-- behind children, for the performance of the social behavior problems, personality, emotional problems increased significantly （P 〈 0. 01） ; the open narrative after treatment, social behavior, group of children＇s personality and emotional problems obviously reduced （P 〈 0.05）, the level of self con- sciousness was improved. Conclusions The left-- behind children in rural special family have more psychological health problems, open narrative therapy can significantly improve the social behaviors, relieve anxiety and depression, remodel personality, and promote the healthy development of left--behind children in rural special family.

关 键 词：特殊家庭留守儿童 开放式叙事心理治疗 孤独感 自我意识 心理健康 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]