中国城市土地利用效率:时空特征、地区差距与影响因素  

Urban Land Use Efficency in China: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics, Regional Difference and Influence Factors

作　　者：李永乐[1,2] 舒帮荣[3] 吴群[4] 

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院,中国江苏南京210023 [2]南京财经大学城市发展研究院,中国江苏南京210023 [3]江苏师范大学测绘学院,中国江苏徐州221116 [4]南京农业大学土地管理学院,中国江苏南京210095

出　　处：《经济地理》2014年第1期133-139,共7页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71233004);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK20131008);江苏高校哲学社会科学基金项目(2013SJB6300039);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：利用GIS空间分析、泰尔指数分解和面板数据模型方法系统研究了1999—2011年中国31个省份城市土地利用效率的时空特征、地区差距及其影响因素。结果表明:①三大区域城市土地利用效率均呈现不断上升趋势,各区域增长趋势极为相似,与经济发展水平呈现显著的正相关关系;②1999—2011年三大区域城市土地利用效率的差距逐渐减小,呈现出持续收敛的态势。组内差距成为城市土地利用效率差距变动的主导因素,组间差距的贡献度从52.37%下降到26.19%;③可流动要素(资本和劳动力)投入有利于城市土地利用效率提高,不可流动要素(土地)的现行利用方式不利于城市土地利用效率提高;④从全国来看,耕地稀缺程度越高越有利于城市土地利用效率提高,但区域间存在差异。因此,在继续执行西部大开发和中部崛起战略的同时,应该开始关注区域内部不同省份间的差距,向纵深方向推进;需要建立更为有效的激励和约束机制来改变现行的土地利用方式,提升城市内部土地利用效率,同时可以通过外部约束(如耕地保护)来倒逼城市土地利用效率提高。The methods of GIS spatial analysis and Theil index decomposition from the perspective of spatial and dynamic factor were employed in this paper to analyze the Spatial and temporal characteristics of urban land use efficency and its change trend of the gap and intrinsic motivation. The results show that： （1） urban land economic density shows a similar rising trend in the three regions of China. （2）Theil index, in this paper, which shows the economic density gap among Chinese provincial built-up area decreased from 1999 to 2011. So the gap of urban land economic density shows a trend of convergence. Regional difference contribution degree decreased from 52.37% to 26.19% from 1999 to 2011, while the difference in the regions has been becoming more and more important these years. （3） Capital, labor input and farmand scarcity are good for enhangcing urban land use efficency, but the method of urban land use is not useful for urban land efficency. This suggests that government should take the differences in regions into account in making national energy strategies. Meanwhile, both Middle and Western China are suggested to enhance the ability to attract investment and to improve the capacity of resource efficiency as well as to advance the marketization of elements. In order to enhance the efficency of urban land use, a more effective incentive and restraint mechanisms should be established to change the current land use method. Meanwhile, external constraints （such as cultivated land protection） are supposed to be noticed.

关 键 词：城市土地利用效率 泰尔指数 地区差距 因素分解 中国 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]