辽西地区不同种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特性的影响  

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on Maize Growth and Yield in Western Liaoning Province

作　　者：白伟[1,2] 孙占祥[1] 郑家明[1] 侯志研[1] 刘洋[1] 冯良山[1] 杨宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/辽宁省旱作节水工程中心,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《作物学报》2014年第1期181-189,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD09B00)资助

摘　　要：改变玉米田间种植模式是提高玉米单产的重要措施之一。本文在大田试验条件下,以耐密品种(郑单958)和中密品种(沈玉21)研究了三比空密疏密、大垄双行和等行距(CK)3种种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特征的影响。结果表明,田间种植形式的改变可以显著影响玉米群体产量及其生长发育特征。耐密品种以大垄双行种植模式为宜,可以增加玉米的株高、茎粗,提高叶面积和光能利用率,促进干物质积累,2年平均产量为8882.36 kg hm 2,比对照增加6.51%,增产的原因是百粒重和穗行数的显著提高;中密品种以大垄双行和三比空种植模式为宜,2种种植模式均可增加玉米的株高、茎粗,提高叶面积和光能利用率,促进干物质积累,且与耐密品种表现不同,2年平均产量分别为8294.58 kg hm 2和8188.30 kg hm 2,比对照增加21.36%和19.81%,增产的原因是行粒数的显著增加。因此,我们认为在辽西地区特定的自然条件下大垄双行是提高玉米单产的最佳种植模式。The study of planting patterns is critical to improving maize yield.Based on a field experiment,we investigated the effect of three planting patterns（three ratio space,big ridge double line and equal line） on maize growth,photosynthetic characteristics and yield using two varieties suitable for high-density（Zhengdan 958） and middle-density（Shenyu 21）.Our results indicated that the yield and growth of maize were dramatically influenced by various planting patterns.High-density variety was suitable for using the pattern of big ridge double line which promoted plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and photosynthetic efficiency of maize.The yield averaged 8882.36 kg ha 1for two years,with an increasing rate of 6.51% compared with the control.This increase in biomass was largely contributed by hundred-grain weight and number of lines per ear.But differently,middle-density variety,planted with both patterns of big ridge double line and three ratio spaces,showed a higher yield.These two planting patterns could also increase plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and photosynthetic efficiency in maize.The 2-year-averaged yields were 8294.58 kg ha 1and 8188.30 kg ha 1,for the two patterns of big ridge double line and equal line,respectively.An increasing rate of 21.36% for big ridge double line and 19.81% for equal line spacing were observed compared with the control,which mainly contributed by the high number of kernels per line.Our results indicated that big ridge double line is an optimal planting pattern to improve maize yield in the western Liaoning Province.

关 键 词：种植模式 玉米 生长发育 产量 辽西地区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]