喜盐鸢尾和黄菖蒲种间杂交障碍  

Crossbreeding Barriers of Interspecific Hybridization between Iris halophila Pall and I. pseudocorus L.

作　　者：杨占辉[1] 史言妍[1] 高亦珂[1] 张启翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2014年第1期94-97,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家林业局"948"引进项目(2013-4-46)

摘　　要：以喜盐鸢尾（Iris halophila Pall）和黄菖蒲（ I．pseudocorus L．）2种观赏鸢尾植物为材料进行种间杂交，并对二者花粉活力、花粉管行为、胚胎发育及杂交障碍等进行研究。结果表明：受精后障碍是导致喜盐鸢尾和黄菖蒲杂种败育的主要原因，表现为杂种胚在合子早期败育。正反交组合常规授粉后均未得到果实，且均存在一定程度的受精前障碍，喜盐鸢尾×黄菖蒲授粉后48 h花粉管内有大量栓塞，黄菖蒲×喜盐鸢尾授粉后2 h柱头上出现少量胼胝质，但最终均有少量花粉管成功伸入胚珠；对胚胎发育的观察发现，喜盐鸢尾×黄菖蒲和黄菖蒲×喜盐鸢尾杂种胚和胚乳的降解分别发生在授粉后9～15 d和15～21 d；授粉后6 d是黄菖蒲×喜盐鸢尾幼胚拯救较适宜的时期，此时，通过子房培养法于MS＋2．0 mg· L^-16-BA培养基上获得了膨大的胚珠并发育为种子。The experiment was conducted to study the crossbreeding barriers between two Iris species, I.halophila Pall and I. pseudocorus L., and determine the pollen viability, pollen tube behaviors after common pollination, embryology observation and embryo rescue.Post-zygotic barrier is the main reason for the cross incompatibility between I.halophila and I. pseudacorus, and it expresses embryo abortion in early zygophase.No capsules are obtained from reciprocal crosses, and there are pro-zygotic barriers in the two combinations.The stylar canal after 48 hours pollination in I.halophila×I.pseuda-corus is blocked by a large number of embolism, while after two hours pollination in I.pseudacorus×I.halophila some cor-pus callosum appeares on stigma.However, there is still a small amount of pollen tube at ovules of both combinations ulti-mately.The failures of embryo and endosperm in I.ah lophila×I.pseudacorus and I.psue dacorus×I.halophila, respective-ly, occur at 9-15 days and 15-21 days after pollination.Six days after pollination is the appropriate time for embryo res-cue of I.pseudocorus×I.halophila, andthere are inflated ovules in medium of MS＋2.0 mg· L^-1 6-BA.

关 键 词：鸢尾属 种间杂交 杂交障碍 胚拯救 IRIS L 

分 类 号：S682.219[农业科学—观赏园艺] S722.34[农业科学—园艺学]