内蒙古阿尔山市北部鸟类区系组成及群落结构  

Avifauna and Bird Community Structure in North Aershan in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：乌日罕[1,2] 杨贵生[1] 魏炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心鄂尔多斯固体废弃物资源化工程技术研究所,鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2014年第1期94-102,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31060284)

摘　　要：2011年4月至2012年3月,采用样带法和样点法对阿尔山市北部鸟类区系及群落结构进行了调查。共记录到鸟类102种,隶属于13目32科。其中留鸟31种,占阿尔山市鸟类总数的30.39%;夏候鸟60种,占58.82%;旅鸟6种,占5.88%;冬候鸟5种,占4.91%。繁殖鸟构成本地区鸟类区系的主体,夏候鸟为主要组成类群。属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护的野生鸟类有15种。阿尔山市鸟类区系反映出东北区与蒙新区、大兴安岭岭南与岭北相互渗透和过渡性特征。鸟类种类组成有明显的季节性差异,春、秋季节为高峰期,夏、冬季为平稳期。多样性指数变化:林地>草地>湿地>山地>农田>居民区。随着人类活动程度的加剧,距离城镇较近、人类经常活动的生境,鸟类多样性明显较低。说明城市化影响已开始显现,人类活动对鸟类区系组成有较大影响。The survey on avifauna and community of birds were carried out with the method of line transect and fixed-radius point count methods, during April 2011 to March 2012. We conducted bird surveys each month in 35 line transects and 5 fixed-radius points in North Aershan, Inner Mongolia. Each line is 1000 m long and 100 m wide, while each point’s radius is 300 m. A total of 102 species belonging to 13 orders and 32 families were counted. Sixty are summer visitors and 31 are residents that represented 58.82% and 30.39% of whole species;6 are passage migrants and 5 are winter visitors that represented 5.88% and 4.91% of whole species, respectively. Breeding birds make of the majority of the local avifauna, and summer visitors dominate the breeding birds. Fifteem birds are listed as grade Ⅱ national protected species. Avifauna of Aershan City have some mixed characteristics betweem the northeast and Mongolia-Xinjiang region and between the south part and the north part of Daxing’anling. The species composition of bird showed an obviously seasonally difference, bird species peaks in spring and autumn, reduced in summer and winter with stationary phase. The bird Diversity index were different in different habitat in order： Woodland〉Grassland〉Wetland〉Mountain〉Farmland〉Residential area. With the intensification of human activities, the bird diversity is significantly lower in the human regular activities habitat and the near-by town habitat. The survey results revealed that impact of urbanization is starting to show a significantly influence of human activities on the avifauna.

关 键 词：阿尔山市 鸟类区系 群落结构 鸟类多样性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]