丛枝菌根化滨梅苗的根际微生态环境  

Rhizospheric Niche of Beach Plum Seedlings Colonized by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

作　　者：宰学明[1] 郝振萍[1] 赵辉[1] 钦佩[2] 

机构地区：[1]金陵科技学院园艺学院,南京210038 [2]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第1期41-48,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370533);林业公益性行业科研专项(200904001)

摘　　要：以滨梅为供试植物,通过盆栽试验,研究接种AM真菌对滨梅苗根际土壤微生态环境的影响。试验中选用摩西球囊霉、幼套球囊霉、透光球囊霉3种AM真菌接种,测定滨梅苗菌根侵染率、生物量、根际微生物数量、土壤pH值、土壤酶活性及N,P等指标。结果表明:3种AM真菌都与滨梅形成菌根共生体,其中摩西球囊霉、幼套球囊霉侵染效果较好,侵染率分别是50.4%,48.3%;受这2种菌侵染的苗木生物量分别是对照处理的1.74,1.73倍。AM菌根对根部微生物种群数量产生一定的影响,使根面上的细菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量显著增加。AM菌根增加根际土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶的活性,各种酶活性增加量与苗木菌根侵染率呈显著正相关。AM菌根使根际土壤pH值降低,与菌根侵染率呈显著负相关。接种苗木的根际土壤中,可直接被植物吸收利用的N,P元素出现富集现象,与菌根侵染率呈极显著正相关。AM真菌的种类对根际微生态环境的影响存在差异性,3种AM真菌中,摩西球囊霉、幼套球囊霉根际效应较好。丛枝菌根的形成改善滨梅幼苗的微生态环境,提高根际土壤肥力,根际效应与AM真菌的种类有关。A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of AM fungi inoculation on the soil micro-eco in the rhizosphere of beach plum （Prunus maritima） seedlings.We selected three species of AM fungi,Glomus mosseae,G.etunicatum,and G.diaphanum,to infect the seedlings,and determined the infection rate of AM fungi,plant biomass,number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere,soil pH,enzyme activity of soil,N and P nutrients in the rhizosphere.The results showed that the all three AM fungi formed mycorrhizal compound with the host plant.G.mosseae and G.etunicatum had higher infection rate than G.diaphanum,and their infection rates were 50.4% and 48.3%,respectively.The biomass of seedlings infected by the two AM fungi was 1.74 and 1.73 times of the control,respectively.AM mycorrhizae impacted microbial populations around the roots,and the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and nitrogenfixing bacteria on the root surface increased significantly.AM fungi accelerated the activities of phosphatase,urease,and proteinase in soil rhizosphere,and the activities of these enzymes were positively correlated with the infection rate of AM fungi.AM fungi decreased the pH value of rhizosphere,and the pH value was correlated with the infection rate of AM fungi negatively.The available N and P were accumulated in the rhizosphere of the seedlings inoculated with AM fungi,and the accumulation was correlated with the infection rate of AM fungi remarkably.Among the three Glomus species,G.mosseae and G.etunicatum were more effective.In summary,AM formation improved the micro-ecological environment of beach plum seedlings and increased soil fertility in the rhizosphere,but the ecological effects varied dependent on the species of AM fungi.

关 键 词：丛枝菌根真菌 滨梅 根际土壤 微生物 土壤酶活性 酸碱度 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]