城市河流脆弱性诊断体系  

Diagnostic system of vulnerability of urban rivers

作　　者：雷楠[1] 汪妮[1] 解建仓[1] 方正[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2014年第1期39-45,共7页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:51079120);陕西省教育厅2010年省级重点实验室项目(编号:2010JS077);陕西水利科技计划项目(编号:2012-07);陕西省教育厅2012年科学研究项目(编号:12JK0481)

摘　　要：针对城市河流污染严重的特点,在综合考虑自然地理特征及社会经济的基础上,从影响城市河流脆弱性的主导因素出发,建立脆弱性评价指标体系,分别采用物元分析法和模糊数学综合评价法建立河流脆弱性评价模型,研究了河流脆弱性及空间分布情况,并将所得结果进行对比,为河流的利用和保护提供了有益的参考.以浐灞河流域为研究对象,按照上述方法建立评价指标体系,结果表明,灞河马渡王及浐河常家湾以下地区是浐灞河流域的重点用水区和排污区,因而河流脆弱性程度最大,其他地区脆弱性程度较低.两种方法所得结果较为一致,结果可信.With the features of the serious pollution in urban rivers, on the basis of comprehensive consideration in the natural geographical features and socioeconomic aspect and from the dominant factor affecting the vulnerability of ruban rivers, a vulnerability evaluation index system is established; and a vulnerability assessment model established based on matter element analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to diagnose the river＇s vulnerability and its spatial distribution; then compared their results, so as to provide a useful reference for the use and protection of rivers. Taking the Chanba River for example, an evaluation index system is established with the above method. The results show that the largest degree of vul nerability is the downstream of Maduwang on the Bahe River and Changjiawan on Chanhe River with the key regions with vulnerabilities for many sewerages and water consumption while the other regions are better. The results of two methods are more consistent, so as to show more credible.

关 键 词：城市河流 脆弱性 层次分析法 物元分析 模糊数学综合评价 熵权法 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]