烟草种植区坡耕地水土流失特征及影响因素  

Features and Influencing Factors of Soil and Water Loss in Tobacco Slopeland

作　　者：史淑娟 张亚丽[2] 韩丽琼[2] 杨小兵[2] 耿建伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省环境监测中心,河南郑州450004 [2]河南农业大学资源与环境学院河南省高校农业资源利用工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《人民黄河》2014年第2期75-77,共3页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室开放基金资助项目(201303);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40801102);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师资助计划项目(2012-GG-049)

摘　　要：控制烟草种植区坡耕地水土流失对提高农业种植水平、保护生态环境具有重要意义。通过重庆黄壤坡地野外监测试验，研究了不同农作处理下烤烟坡耕地产流一产沙特征。结果表明：①坡度与地表径流量、侵蚀泥沙量呈显著的正相关关系，23°坡地地表径流量和侵蚀泥沙量为10。坡地的1．3～3．0倍；②横坡垄作处理沿等高线起垄，能明显减小地表径流量和侵蚀泥沙量，横坡垄作处理侵蚀泥沙量占顺坡垄作处理的14％～45％；③垄间秸秆覆盖可以有效减小地表侵蚀泥沙量，其侵蚀泥沙量仅为未覆盖处理的47．25％；④在烤烟生长后期，地表覆盖率达到最大化，各处理方式下侵蚀泥沙量都趋于减小。Abstract： Controlling soil and water loss along the slopeland in tobacco planting area plays an important role in improving the agricultural planting level and preserving the ecological environment. This paper discussed the features of runoff yield and sediment yield in slope land of tobacco planta- tion areas with different treatments based on the field monitoring test. The results show that a） the slope, surface and sediment erosion are in posi- tive correlation. The surface runoff and sediment loss of slope of 23 degrees is 1.3 -3 times more than that of the l0 degrees slopeland; b） it sig- nificantly reduces the surface runoff and sediment loss by ridging along the contour line of cross ridge; the sediment loss with cross ridge treatment only accounts for 14% -45 % of that of longitudinal ridge; c） straw mulching between the ridges can effectively reduce surface sediment; the sedi- ment loss accounts for 47.25% of that without any treatment and d） in the late growth of tobacco, the sediment loss with all treatments tends to re- duction due to the maximum coverage.

关 键 词：坡耕地 水土流失 烟草种植区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]