生物质预处理技术及其对热解产物的影响综述  

A Review of Biomass Pretreatment Technologies and Their Influences on Pyrolysis Products

作　　者：胡海涛[1] 李允超[1] 王贤华[1] 张帅[1] 杨海平[1] 陈汉平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《生物质化学工程》2014年第1期44-50,共7页Biomass Chemical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50930006)

摘　　要：总结了国内外各种生物质预处理技术及其对热解产物的影响的研究现状,分析了不同预处理方法的优势及存在的问题,指出微波干燥预处理是一种快捷的生物质干燥方式;脱灰预处理能加快生物质热解速率,并实现糖类组分的富集;而烘焙预处理则能提高生物油的热值。同时介绍了一些新型生物质预处理技术,如离子液体预处理可以减少裂解反应时间,使生物质油产率得到提升;而水热预处理则能使生物油中糖含量(主要是左旋葡聚糖)显著增加。并指出了今后的研究方向为:努力提高各种预处理方法的效率并降低预处理技术的成本;进一步改善现有预处理方法甚至发现新的预处理方法;通过学科交叉探索新的物理化学生物预处理技术;期望原料的预处理可以增加生物油中某些有特殊价值物质的含量或同时得到具有较高利用价值的气液固热解产物。In this study, the research status of various biomass pretreatment technologies at home and abroad, and their effects on pyrolysis products were reviewed. The advantages and drawbacks of various pretreatment methods were summarized. It was found that microwave drying pretreatment could be an efficient way for drying biomass. The de-ash pretreatment could increase the reaction rate of biomass pyrolysis, and also enrich the carbohydrate content in bio-oils. The torrefaction pretreatment could increase the heating value of bio-oils. In addition, some other new pretreatment technologies for biomass were also reviewed, for example, the ionic liquid pretreatment could reduce the cracking time during pyrolysis, thus enhance the yield of bio-oils. The hydrothermal pretreatment could increase the sugar content （mainly levoglucosan） in bio-oils.

关 键 词：生物质 热解 预处理 生物油 

分 类 号：TQ517.4[化学工程]