洋麻纤维的表面改性及其在聚丙烯基复合材料中的应用  

Surface Modifi cation of Kenaf Fiber and Application of It on Polypropylene Composite

作　　者：李津[1] 王春红[1] 贺文婷[1] 岳鑫敏[1] 任子龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学纺织学院,天津300387

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2014年第2期6-10,共5页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51303131);中国纺织工业协会科技指导性项目(2008026;2012002)

摘　　要：采用碱处理、偶联剂处理以及碱–偶联剂复合处理对洋麻纤维进行表面改性,然后将其与聚丙烯(PP)纤维复合,采用非织造–模压工艺制备了PP/洋麻纤维复合材料。研究了上述3种表面改性方法对洋麻纤维强度及其复合材料弯曲与剪切性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了洋麻纤维表面改性前后的形貌变化及其与PP基体之间的界面结合状况。结果表明,表面改性后洋麻纤维的拉伸强度均降低,但复合材料的弯曲强度及层间剪切强度均提高,表明这3种改性方法均提高了洋麻纤维与PP之间的界面结合强度;碱处理可去除纤维表面的果胶成分,使纤维束变得松散,使复合材料的弯曲强度及层间剪切强度分别较未表面改性时提高了21%和169%,但弯曲弹性模量降低了21%;偶联剂处理则使复合材料的弯曲强度,弯曲弹性模量和层间剪切强度较未表面改性时提高了23%,7%和160%;碱–偶联剂复合处理兼顾了碱处理和偶联剂处理的优点,使复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量和层间剪切强度分别较未表面改性时提高了26%,18%和572%,综合性能最佳。SEM结果表明,碱–偶联剂复合处理后,复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合较好。Surface modification of kenaf fiber was done by using three sorts of methods including alkali treatment,silane coupling treatment and alkali-silane treatment,then through blending kenaf fibers and PP fibers,polypropylene （PP）/kenaf fiber composites were prepared by means of non-woven and compression molding technology. The effects of the three surface modification methods on strength of kenaf fiber and flexural and shearing properties of the composites were studied,the scanning electron microscope （SEM） was also adopted to describe the morphology change of kenaf fiber and the interface bonding conditions in the composites. The results reveal that after treating kenaf fibers using the three modification methods,the tensile strengths of the fibers all decrease,but the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composites all increase,which indicates that the three modification methods can improve the interface bonding strength of PP and the fibers. Alkali treatment can remove the pectin ingredient on the surface of the fibers and make the fiber bundle become loose,and improves the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength by 21%and 169%comparing with the conditions of unmodification but decreases the flexural modulus by 21%, silane coupling treatment improves the flexural strength,flexural modulus and interlaminar shear strength by 23%,7%and 160%, alkali-silane treatment has the advantages of alkali treatment and silane coupling treatment,improves the three mechanical properties mentioned above by 26%,18%and 572%and makes the composite has best comprehensive properties. SEM results show that a better interface adhesion occurs between the fiber and PP matrix after alkali-silane treatment.

关 键 词：洋麻纤维 聚丙烯 复合材料 力学性能 

分 类 号：V258[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]