放牧强度对草地牧草现存量及养分动态的影响  

Influence of grazing intensity on the aboveground biomass and nutrient dynamics of community

作　　者：张鲜花[1] 朱进忠[1] 孙宗玖[1] 靳瑰丽[1] 郑伟[1] 古伟容[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第1期116-124,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"新疆褐牛放牧饲养草地承载力与家畜配置研究"(200903060);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划青年教师科研启动基金"新疆褐牛放牧草原适宜放牧强度的研究"(XJEDU2011S14)

摘　　要：于2011-2012年在新疆昭苏军马场进行了新疆褐牛放牧试验, 研究了不放牧和轻度、中度及重度放牧强度下的草地群落现存量及牧草营养物质含量。结果显示, 年际间各放牧强度下牧草地上现存量均呈现逐年降低趋势, 同一年内随放牧时间的延长, 各放牧处理与不放牧间差异显著（P〈0.05）;5种主要优势牧草亚洲百里香（Thymus asiaticus）、黄花苜蓿（Medicago falcata）、草原苔草（Carex liparocarpos）、针茅（Stipa capillata）和羊茅（Festuca ovina）及杂类草的粗蛋白含量随放牧时间的延长均呈现降低趋势, 但不同放牧强度间降低的幅度差别不大;干物质含量随放牧时间呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势, 波动幅度介于0.01%～2.00%;中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量均随放牧时间的延长呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。中度放牧条件下牧草地上现存量下降幅度及牧草养分变化波动较小, 有利于草地的可持续利用;不同放牧强度对草地地上现存量及牧草营养物质的影响, 远不及年度间气候变化的影响大。Three grazing intensities were applied on Zhaosu Army-Horse Farm to compare variations of aboveground biomass and nutrient contents of plant community from 2011 to 2012. The results showed that aboveground biomass decreased under each treatment with extension of grazing time. For aboveground biomass, there were significant differences between different grazing treatments and the control area with the extension of grazing time in every year （P〈0.05）. The crude protein contents of Thymus asiaticus, Medicago falcate, Carex liparocarpos, Stipa capillata and Festuca ovina decreased with the extension of grazing time, whereas there was no significant difference among different treatments. The dry matter contents of these 5 dominant species decreased and then slightly increased followed by further decrease during the whole grazing period although the fluctuation rate was 0.01%～2.00%. The neutral detergent fiber and the acid detergent fiber of these 5 dominant species increased with slightly decreased in the middle of grazing time. These observed variation of aboveground biomass and nutrient content showed that moderate grazing had less influence which was better for sustainable development of grassland. The effects of different grazing intensity on aboveground biomass and nutrient were far less than the effects of Inter-annual climate change.

关 键 词：地上现存量 营养物质 波动幅度 放牧 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]