冬闲苎麻田套种牧草对杂草生物多样性的影响  

Effects of interplanting cold-reason grass on weeds biodiversity in ramie plantation in winter

作　　者：徐华勤[1] 崔国贤[1] 杨知建[1] 赵志力[1] 杨凤飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第1期139-143,共5页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家麻类产业技术体系项目(CARS-19-E20);国家自然科学基金(31100382)

摘　　要：研究了苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)园冬闲田行间套种白三叶(Trifolium repens)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)3种牧草对杂草密度、优势杂草组成及生物多样性的影响。结果表明,在种植黑麦草、白三叶、紫云英后,杂草的密度为59.2、107.7和128.2株·m-2,与不套种对照相比分别降低了73.94%、52.60%和43.57%;杂草生物量分别为62.33、112.86和142.10g·m-2,与对照相比,分别减少了78.23%、50.37%和60.58%,可见种植这3种冷季型牧草可降低苎麻田杂草危害,其中黑麦草对杂草密度的降低效果最好。本研究中种植3种冷季型牧草后并未显著改变杂草优势种群类别,除套种紫云英后Pielou指数略高于对照外,杂草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数均有所减少,其中种植紫云英后的苎麻园杂草多样性指数略高于种植白三叶和黑麦草。Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne, and Astragalus sinicus were planted in fallow field after harvesting ramie（Boehmeria nivea） in winter to study the impacts of interplanting grass on the density, biological diversity and dominant species of weeds. One year after planting L.perenne, T.repens and A.sinicus, the overall densities of weeds were 59.2, 107.7 and 128.2 plant·m^-2 and declined by 73.35%, 51.53% and 42.30% compared with control, respectively. The biomass of weeds were 62.33, 142.1 and 112.86 g·m^-2 and declined by 78.11%, 50.31%, 60.53%, respectively. These results revealed that interplanting grass with these three cold-season grasses can reduce the hazard of weeds in ramie field and L.perenne were most effective. These three cold-season grasses did not remarkably change the categories of predominant weeds although Simpson evenness index and Shannon-Winner diversity index decreased a little bit. The biological diversity index of weeds after planting A.sinicus was slightly higher than that after planting T.repens and L.perenne.

关 键 词：冷季型牧草 杂草生物多样性 苎麻园 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S451[农业科学—农艺学]