北京平原区紫花苜蓿施肥组合试验  

Screening of fertilization combination for alfalfa in Beijing area

作　　者：侯湃 刘自学[1] 刘艺杉[1] 苏爱莲[1] 王跃栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京克劳沃草业技术开发中心,北京100029

出　　处：《草业科学》2014年第1期144-149,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：全国牧草种质资源保存与利用项目"种质资源圃"(070401)

摘　　要：采用正交试验设计, 研究紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）氮、磷、钾肥最佳施肥组合及推荐施肥量。结果表明, 在土壤少氮、缺磷的地区, 氮、磷、钾肥配施能显著提高紫花苜蓿饲草产量、生长速度及再生速度, 饲草产量增幅在17.31％～29.28％。不同施肥处理下生长速度最快的肥料组合为处理6（N2P3K1）, 即施氮肥50 kg·hm^-2, 施磷肥280 kg·hm^-2, 施钾肥0, 生长速度为2.44 cm·d^-1, 显著高于不施肥对照（1.66 cm·d^-1）, 各施肥因子对生长速度的独立效应为P〉N〉K;不同施肥处理下再生速度最快的肥料组合为处理6, 再生速度为2.02 cm·d^-1, 也显著高于不施肥对照（1.52 cm·d^-1）, 各施肥因子对再生速度的独立效应为P〉N〉K。当氮、磷、钾施肥组合为2∶2∶3时, 即N为50 kg·hm^-2, P为140 kg·hm^-2, K为160 kg·hm^-2时可获得较高产量, 其施肥组合的增产率在29%以上, 各施肥因子对产量的独立效应为P〉K〉N。综合考虑认为, 本试验N、P、K的推荐施用量可为50 kg·hm^-2≤N≤100 kg·hm^-2, 0〈P≤140 kg·hm^-2, 0〈K≤160 kg·hm^-2。The orthogonal experimental was designed to screen the best fertilizer combination and recommend fertilizer rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer for alfalfa in Beijing area. The results showed that the forage yield, growth rate and regeneration rate of alfalfa significantly increased using nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the areas with shortage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The growth rate and regeneration rate of alfalfa with fertilization treatments were significantly higher than that without fertilization treatment （P〈0.05）. The forage yield increased by 17.31% to 29.28% which showed the significant effects of fertilization. The fertilization combination with the highest yield increase rate as N 50 kg·ha-1＋P 140 kg·ha-1＋K 160 kg·ha-1. However, the orthogonal analysis results showed that the fertilization combination with the highest yield increase rate was N 100 kg·ha-1＋P 140 kg·ha-1＋K 160 kg·ha-1. After comprehensive analysis, the recommendation fertilizer rate was N 50～100 kg·ha-1, P 140 kg·ha-1 K, and 160 kg·ha-1 which had the highest forage yield of alfalfa on those areas with shortage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 正交试验设计 生长速度 再生速度 产草量 

分 类 号：S541.1[农业科学—作物学]