城市水足迹对比分析——以上海和重庆为例  

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN WATER FOOTPRINT ——A CASE STUDY OF SHANGHAI AND CHONGQING

作　　者：邓晓军[1,2] 韩龙飞[1] 杨明楠[1] 于志慧[1] 张媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]广西师范大学环境与资源学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2014年第2期189-196,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41261005);广西哲学社会科学规划课题(13CJY005);广西文科中心一般项目(YB2012017)

摘　　要：基于虚拟水和水足迹的理论与方法，提出了城市水足迹的概念，构建了城市水足迹的计算模型，并对上海和重庆1999～2008年的水足迹进行对比分析，以揭示两市社会经济发展对水资源系统的影响及其差异。结果表明：近10a来上海和重庆的水足迹总体均呈上升趋势，且两者的差距有缩小的趋势；重庆的水足迹结构变化不大，而上海的虚拟水净输入量所占比例快速增长；上海的水资源利用呈严重超载状态，重庆的水资源利用尚处于安全范围；上海的水资源自给能力较低，对外依赖的程度远高于重庆；重庆的水资源利用效益比上海低得多。最后，分别从消费者、生产者和管理者的角度提出了保障城市水资源安全的对策和建议。Water is required for the production of nearly all goods. The water used in the production process of an agricultural or industrial product is called the ＇virtual water＇ contained in the product. If one region exports a water-intensive product to another region, it exports water in virtual form. In this way some regions support other regions in their water needs. For water-scarce regions it could be attractive to achieve water security by importing water-intensive products instead of producing all water-demanding products locally. Reversibly, water-rich regions could benefit from their abundance of water resources by producing water-intensive products for export. Water footprint concept is closely linked to the virtual water concept. The water footprint concept has been developed in order to have an indicator of water use in relation to consumption of people. The water footprint of a region is defined as the volume of water needed for the production of the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants in the region. The internal water footprint of a region is the volume of water used from the local water resources to produce the goods and services consumed by the inhabitants in the region. The external water footprint of a region is the volume of water used in other regions to produce goods and services imported and consumed by the inhabitants in the region. The water footprint of a region can be assessed by taking the use of the local water resources, subtracting the virtual water flow that leaves the region and adding the virtual water flow that enters the region. Based on the theories and methods of the virtual water and the water footprint, the concept of the urban water footprint was put forward and the calculation model of the urban water footprint was established, which was used to calculate the utilization of water resources of the Shanghai and Chongqing from 1999 to 2008 in order to reveal the effects and its differences of social and economic development on water resources system. The results sho

关 键 词：虚拟水 城市水足迹 水资源利用 对比分析 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学] TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]