水资源效率的测度及影响因素:基于文献的述评  

WATER EFFICIENCY MEASURES AND THEIR DETERMINANTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

作　　者：魏楚[1,2] 沈满洪[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872 [2]浙江理工大学生态经济研究中心,浙江杭州310018 [3]浙江理工大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2014年第2期197-204,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(12AJY003);国家自然科学基金项目(41201582);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ12G01009);浙江省社科基金项目(11ZJQN068YB);中国人民大学明德青年学者计划项目(13XNJ016)

摘　　要：提高水资源效率是建设节水型社会的根本途径。按照水资源在人类经济生活中的物质循环流,可以划分为水资源生产性部门和水资源消费性部门。提高水资源的综合利用效率需要分别从改善供水效率和提高用水效率两个层面进行。通过对文献的集成式梳理和归纳,识别出水资源生产性部门的供水效率同生产经营规模、企业所有制、政府管制手段存在联系,而水资源价格、产业和产品结构、技术水平以及地区和行业间差异则是水资源消费部门用水效率的影响因素。未来对水资源效率的相关研究应重点关注以下领域:加强对水资源效率的科学界定、水资源效率的测度方法的创新、水资源效率的影响因素及其权重的研究、促进水资源效率提高的政策设计等。Water acts as the life source, production element and ecological basis. China is now facing a serious challenge of water resource shortage. Being aware of the importance of this urgent issue, the central government proposed a blueprint on construction of water-saving society. It calls for a strategic transition from ＂broaden resources supply＂ toward ＂ manage and reduce consumption＂. Among all candidate measurements, the improvement of water efficiency is a fundamental and crucial channel to achieve this goal. To help understand better the concept, measures, determinants and related policy of water efficiency in China, this paper conducts a systematic summarization of the present theory and empirical progress on water efficiency studies from perspectives of both water supply efficiency and water utilization efficiency. We conclude that, the existing studies on the supply side investigate the linkage between water supply efficiency and economics of scale, firm ownership and regulation instrument. On the other hand, water utilization efficiency is found to associate with regional/industry disparity, water price, structural change, technology change. Our comprehensive survey also indicates some research gaps need to be filled in. First, an overall multi-dimension framework to accommodate various sectors and objectiveness is required. Under the framework＇s guideline, the concept and related indicator of water efficiency can be clearly defined. Second, efficiency evaluation for China＇s water supply sector is relative scarce. More solid scientific evidences are needed to guide the policy-maker more accurately, i.e. shall we encourage large or small water plant？ shall we develop private or public plant？ etc. Third, more detailed plant-level analysis is needed to identify and explore the driving force of water use efficiency. It is noteworthy that, when the household consumption is taken into account, the efficiency criteria can＇t be applied alone as the water is life necessities. In this case, the water

关 键 词：水资源效率 内涵测度 影响因素 文献综述 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]